Protection of Internally Displaced People from Arbitrary Displacement: The Development of a New Right

PRIMARY SOURCES

Resolutions/Reports/UN Documents

A/RES/46/242 (1992) ‘The situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina’

A/RES/54/180 (1999) ‘Human rights and mass exoduses’

A/RES/54/167 (1999) ‘Protection of and assistance to internally displaced persons’

A/RES/56/164 (2000) ‘Human rights and terrorism’

A/RES/56/164 (2001) ‘Protection of and assistance to internally displaced persons’

A/RES/58/117 (2003) ‘International assistance to and cooperation with the Alliance for the Sustainable Development of Central America’

A/58/177 (2003) ‘Protection of and assistance to internally displaced persons’

A/RES/58/188 (2004) ‘Respect for the purposes and principles contained in the Charter of the United Nations to achieve international cooperation in promoting and encouraging respect for human rights and for fundamental freedoms and in solving international problems of a humanitarian character’

A/RES/60/1 (2005) ‘2005 World Summit Outcome’

A/RES/60/168 (2005) ‘Protection of and assistance to internally displaced persons’

A/RES/62/153 (2007) ‘Protection of and assistance to internally displaced persons’

A/RES/64/162 (2009) ‘Protection of and assistance to internally displaced persons’

A/RES/66/165 (2011) ‘Protection of and assistance to internally displaced persons’

A/RES/66/283 (2011) ‘Status of internally displaced persons and refugees from Abkhazia, Georgia, and the Tskhinvali region/South Ossetia, Georgia’

A/RES/67/268 (2012) ‘Status of internally displaced persons and refugees from Abkhazia, Georgia, and the Tskhinvali region/South Ossetia, Georgia’

A/RES/68/180 (2013) ‘Protection of and assistance to internally displaced persons’

A/RES/69/154 (2014) ‘Assistance to refugees, returnees and displaced persons in Africa’

A/RES/70/165 (2015) ‘Protection of and assistance to internally displaced persons’

A/RES/70/265 (2015) ‘Status of internally displaced persons and refugees from Abkhazia, Georgia, and the Tskhinvali region/South Ossetia, Georgia’

A/RES/71/173 (2016) ‘Assistance to refugees, returnees and displaced persons in Africa’

A/RES/72/182 (2017) ‘Protection of and assistance to internally displaced persons’

A/RES/72/152 (2017) ‘Assistance to refugees, returnees and displaced persons in Africa’

A/RES/72/280 (2017) ‘Status of internally displaced persons and refugees from Abkhazia, Georgia and the Tskhinvali region/South Ossetia, Georgia’

A/RES/73/150 (2018) ‘Assistance to refugees, returnees and displaced persons in Africa’

A/RES/73/298 (2018) ‘Status of internally displaced persons and refugees from Abkhazia, Georgia, and the Tskhinvali region/South Ossetia, Georgia’

Addendum to the Report of the Secretary-General on the Human Rights of Internally Displaced Persons, Profiles in Displacement: Colombia (1994). E/CN.4/1995/50/Add.1

Canada’s Law of Armed Conflict (LOAC) Manual (2004)

CCPR, Concluding observations of the Human Rights Committee, Colombia, August 2010, CCPR/C/COL/CO/6

CESCR (1990), ‘General Comment No. 3: The Nature of States Parties' Obligations’, E/1991/23.

Colombia, Penal Code (2000)

Côte d'Ivoire, Penal Code as amended (1981)

Council of Europe, Committee of Ministers Recommendation 6 (2006)

Council of Europe, Parliamentary Assembly Recommendation 1862 (2009).

Commission on Human Rights (1992). ‘Analytical Report of the Secretary-General on Internally Displaced Persons’, E/CN.4/1992/23, United Nations

Commission on Human Rights (1993), ‘Comprehensive study of the Representative of the Secretary-General on the human rights issues related to internally displaced persons’, E/CN.4/1993/35.

Commission on Human Rights, Report of the Representative of the Secretary-General, Mr. Francis M. Deng, submitted pursuant to Commission resolution 1997/39 Addendum Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement, E/CN.4/1998/53/Add.2 ,11 February 1998

Commission on Human Rights (1993), ‘Comprehensive study of the Representative of the Secretary-General on the human rights issues related to internally displaced persons’, E/CN.4/1993/35

Commission on Human Rights, Fifty-fourth session, ‘Report of the Secretary-General on the minimum humanitarian standards’ E/CN.4/1998/87

Commission on Human Rights, Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities, “The human rights dimensions of population transfer, including the implantation of settlers”, UN DOC E/CN.4/Sub.2/1994/18 30 June 1994

Commission on Human Rights U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/2003/86

Eritrea-Ethiopia Claims Commission - Partial Award: Civilian Claims - Eritrea's Claims 15, 16, 23 and 27-32 (17 December 2004),

Human Rights Committee, General Comment No. 31 [80] Nature of the General Legal Obligation Imposed on States Parties to the Covenant: 26/05/2004.Eightieth session (CCPR/C/74/CRP.4/Rev.6

Human Rights Committee “the nature of the general legal obligations imposed on state parties to the covenant (2004), UN Doc. CCPR/C/21/Rev.1/Add.13

Human Rights Committee (2004) ‘the nature of the general legal obligations imposed on state parties to the covenant’ para.11 UN Doc. CCPR/C/21/Rev.1/Add.13.

HRC Resolution 6/32 (2007)

HRC, A/HRC/4/38/Add.3, 24 January 2007

International Committee of the Red Cross, Customary International Humanitarian Law, 2005, Volume I: Rules available at: https://www.refworld.org/docid/5305e3de4.html [accessed 2 May 2019]

International Conference on the Plight of refugees, returnees and displaced persons in Southern Africa, adopted by UN General Assembly Resolution UN Doc A/RES/43/116 (1988).

International Law Commission, Sixty-seventh session, “First report on crimes against humanity”, 17 February 2015, A/CN.4/680

International Law Commission Report on the work of its Forty-Eighth Session, art. 18, U.N. Doc. A/CN.4/L.532 (1996)

Memorandum to Members of The Preparatory Committee on The Establishment of an International Criminal Court Date: 22 March 1996 From: President of the ICTY Antonio Cassese, available at: http://iccnow.org/documents/Memorandum.pdf

Mali Penal Code (2001),

Nicaragua, Military Penal Code (1996)

Niger, Penal Code as amended (1961)

Organization of American States, General Assembly Resolution 2277 (2007)

Organization of American States, General Assembly Resolution AG/RES 2417 (XXXVIII-O/08), (2008).

Parliamentary Assembly Recommendation 1631 (2003)

Report of the Secretary-General, United Nations, General Assembly, A/36/582, 23 October 1981.

Report of the Representative of the Secretary-General Mr. Francis Deng, submitted pursuant to Commission on Human Rights resolution 1997/39, Compilation and Analysis of Legal Norms, Part II: Legal Aspects Relating to the Protection against Arbitrary Displacement, 11/02/1998 ,E/CN.4/1998/53/Add.1

Report of the Representative of the Secretary-General, Mr. Francis M. Deng, submitted pursuant to Commission on Human Rights resolution 1995/57 Compilation and analysis of legal norms’, E/CN.4/1996/52/Add.2, 5 December 1995

Report of the Representative of the Secretary-General, Mr. Francis M. Deng, submitted pursuant to Commission on Human Rights resolution (1997).1996/52, E/CN.4/1997/43.

Report of the Representative of the Secretary-General, Mr. Francis Deng, submitted pursuant to Commission on Human Rights resolution 1993/95 ,Addendum, Profiles in displacement: Colombia, E/CN.4/1995/50/Add.1 3 October 1994

Report on the situations of human rights of a segment of the Nicaraguan Population of Miskito origin (1983), OEA/Sev.L/V/II.62, Doc. 10

Report of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Internally Displaced Persons,  20-21, U.N. Doc. A/58/393, (Sept. 26, 2003).

Report of the Committee of Experts to the Committee of Ministers of the Council Europe (1970) , Doc. H(70),7.

Report of the International Commission of Inquiry on Darfur to the Secretary-General pursuant to Security Council resolution 1564 (2004) of 18 September 2004, Geneva, 25 January 2005

Report of the Representative of the Secretary-General on the human rights of internally displaced persons, Walter Kälin ,Mission to Colombia, HRC,  A/HRC/4/38/Add.3, 24 January 2007

Slovenia, Penal Code (1994).

Specific Groups and Individuals: Mass Exoduses and Displaced Persons: Report of the Representative of the Secretary-General on internally displaced persons, 100, U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/2002/95, (Jan.16,2002).

Specific Groups and Individuals: Mass Exoduses and Displaced Persons: Report of the Representative of the Secretary-General on Internally Displaced Persons, 69, U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/2003/86, (Jan. 21, 2003).

Specific Groups and Individuals: Mass Exoduses and Displaced Persons: Report of the Representative of the Secretary-General on Internally Displaced Persons, 19, U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/2004/77. (March 4, 2004)

S/RES/752(1992) ‘Bosnia and Herzegovina’

S/RES/819 (1993) ‘Bosnia and Herzegovina’

S/RES/1019 (1995) ‘Former Yugoslavia’

S/RES/1265(1999) ‘Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict’

S/PRST/1999/6 (1999) ‘Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict’

S/1999/957 (1999) Report of The Secretary-General to the SC on the Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict

S/RES/1296 (2000) ‘Protection of civilians in armed conflict’

S/RES/1674 (2006) ‘Protection of civilians in armed conflict’

S/RES/1807 (2008) ‘The Democratic Republic of the Congo’

S/RES/1894 (2009) ‘Protection of civilians in armed conflict’

S/RES/2076 (2012) ‘Democratic Republic of the Congo’

S/RES/2211 (2015) ‘Democratic Republic of the Congo’

S/RES/2277 (2016) ‘Democratic Republic of the Congo’

S/RES/2286 (2016) ‘Protection of civilians in armed conflict’

S/RES/2348 (2017) ‘The situation concerning the Democratic Republic of the Congo’

S/RES/2360 (2017) ‘The situation concerning the Democratic Republic of the Congo’

S/RES/2389 (2017) ‘The situation in the Great Lakes region’

S/RES/2417 (2018) ‘Protection of civilians in armed conflict’

S/RES/2417 (2018) ‘Protection of civilians in armed conflict’

S/RES/2408 (2018) ‘The situation in Somalia’

S/RES/2463 (2019) ‘The situation concerning the Democratic Republic of the Congo’

S/RES/2535 (2020) ‘Maintenance of international peace and security’

Study on Human Rights and Massive Exoduses (1981), United Nations Economic and Social Council, Commission on Human Rights Thirty-eight session, E/OT.4/1503 (1981).

UN Commission on Human Rights, Addendum to the Report of the Representative of the Secretary-General on the Human Rights of Internally Displaced Persons, Profiles in Displacement: Colombia, 3 October 1994, E/CN.4/1995/50/Add.1

UN Commission on Human Rights, UN Doc. A/2929, Ch. VI.

UN Commission on Human Rights (2003), Res. 2003/51.

UN Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW)(1992). ‘CEDAW General Recommendations Nos. 19 and 20’, adopted at the Eleventh Session, (contained in Document A/47/38), 1992, A/47/38.

UN Commission on Human Rights, Alternative Approaches and Ways and Means within the United Nations System for Improving the Effective Enjoyment of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms: Comprehensive study prepared by Representative of the Secretary-General on the Human Rights Issues Related to Internally Displaced Persons, 21 January 1993, E/CN.4/1993/35

UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC), Note / by the Secretary-General pursuant to Economic and Social Council resolution 1990/78: addendum; report on refugees, displaced persons and returnees, prepared by Mr. Jacques Cuénod, Consultant, 27 June 1991, E/1991/109/Add.1

UN General Assembly, Protection of and assistance to internally displaced persons: note / by the Secretary-General, 11 August 2010, A/65/282.

UNGA Press Release GA/SHC/3676,29 November 2001.

UNGA 2005 World Summit Outcome, A/RES/60/1, Resolution adopted without vote by the General Assembly on 16 September 60/1.

UNGA Resolution 2958(XXVII). ‘Assistance to Sudanese Refugees Returning from Abroad’

UN Human Rights Committee (HRC), CCPR General Comment No. 27: Article 12 (Freedom of Movement), 2 November 1999, CCPR/C/21/Rev.1/Add.9

UN Human Rights Committee (HRC), CCPR General Comment No. 16: Article 17 (Right to Privacy), The Right to Respect of Privacy, Family, Home and Correspondence, and Protection of Honour and Reputation, 8 April 1988

United Nations General Assembly resolution on International Conference on the Plight of Refugees, Returnees and Displaced Persons in Southern Africa in 1988, A/RES/43/116

UN General Assembly, International Co-operation to Avert New Flows of Refugees : Note by the Secretary-General, 13 May 1986, A/41/324

UN Human Rights Committee (HRC), General comment no. 31 [80], The nature of the general legal obligation imposed on States Parties to the Covenant, 26 May 2004, CCPR/C/21/Rev.1/Add.13

UN Human Rights Committee (HRC), CCPR General Comment No. 27: Article 12 (Freedom of Movement), 2 November 1999, CCPR/C/21/Rev.1/Add.9

UN Human Rights Committee (HRC), CCPR General Comment No. 29: Article 4: Derogations during a State of Emergency, 31 August 2001, CCPR/C/21/Rev.1/Add.11

UN Human Rights Committee (HRC), CCPR General Comment No. 28: Article 3 (The Equality of Rights Between Men and Women), 29 March 2000, CCPR/C/21/Rev.1/Add.10.

UN Security Council, Report of the Commission of Experts Established Pursuant to United Nations Security Council Resolution 780 (1992), 27 May 1994, s/1994/674

United Nations, Economic and Social Council, Study on Human Rights and Massive Exoduses, E/CN.4/1503, 31 December 1981.

UN General Assembly, International Co-operation to Avert New Flows of Refugees : Note by the Secretary-General, 13 May 1986, A/41/324.

UNSC, (2005) ‘Report of the Secretary-General on the protection of civilians in armed conflicts’

UN Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights, Resolution 1995/13 on the Right to Freedom of Movement , 18 August 1995, 1995/13

UN Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights, Resolution 1996/9 on the Right to Freedom of Movement , 23 August 1996, E/CN.4/Sub.2/1996/L.16

UN Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights, Resolution 1997/29 on Freedom of Movement and Population Transfer, 28 August 1997, E/CN.4/Sub.2/RES/1997/29

UN Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights, Resolution 2002/7 Housing and Property Restitution in the Context of Refugees and Other Displaced Persons , 14 August 2002, E/CN.4/Sub.2/RES/2002/7.

UN Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced People (Pinheiro Principles), UN Doc.  E/CN.4/Sub.2/RES/2005/21

Convention/Treaty

Agreement for the Prosecution and Punishment of the Major War Criminals of the European Axis, Art. 6(c), Aug. 8, 1945, 82 U.N.T.S. 279.

African (Banjul) Charter on Human And Peoples' Rights (Adopted 27 June 1981, OAU Doc. CAB/LEG/67/3 rev. 5, 21 I.L.M. 58 (1982), entered into force 21 October 1986) 

African Union, African Union Convention for the Protection and Assistance of Internally Displaced Persons in Africa ("Kampala Convention"), 23 October 2009.

American Convention on Human Rights, "Pact of San Jose", Costa Rica, 22 November 1969

Cartagena Declaration on Refugees,1984.

Charter of the United Nations (UN Charter), adopted on 26 JUNE 1945, entered in force since 24 October 1945, 1 UNTS XVI.

Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, Geneva, 28 July 1951

Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, Adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by General Assembly resolution 39/46 of 10 December 1984
entry into force 26 June 1987, in accordance with article 27 (1)

Common Article 3 to the Four Geneva Conventions

Dayton Peace Agreement, General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina, 21 November 1995, Annex 7 on ‘Agreement on Refugees and Displaced Persons’

European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, as amended by Protocols Nos. 11 and 14, 4 November 1950, entered into force 3 September 1953

Geneva Convention IV Relative to The Protection of Civilian Persons In Time Of War, 12 August 1949, 75 UNITS 287

ILO Convention No. 169 concerning Indigenous and Tribal Peoples in Independent Countries

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), 16 December 1966

International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR), 16 December 1966

OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa,1969

Protocol I, Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts.

Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions, 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts, 8 June 1977, 1125 UNTS 609

Protocol on the Protection and Assistance to Internally Displaced Persons, adopted on 30 December 2006 by the member states of the International Conference on the Great Lakes Region

Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights

Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (last amended 2010), 17 July 1998, ISBN No. 92-9227-227-6

Statute of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (as amended on 17 May 2002), 25 May 1993

Statute of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (as last amended on 13 October 2006), 8 November 1994

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), UNGA Res. 217 A (III) (1948).

Cases

African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights v Kenya (merits) (2017) 2 AfCLR 9

Budayeva and Others v Russia, ECtHR (Grand Chamber), Application No.s 15339/02, 21166/02, 20058/02 and 15343/02 (2008).

Case Concerning the Armed Activities on the Territory of the Congo (Democratic Republic of the Congo v. Uganda) , Judgment of 19 Dec. 2005, General List No. 116

Case Regarding Female Genital Mutilation of a Cameroonian Woman, GZ 220.268/0-XI/33/00, Austria: Independent Federal Asylum Review Board (UBASG), 21 March 2002

Case Regarding Female Genital Mutilation of an Ethiopian Baby Girl (Summary), Austria: Independent Federal Asylum Review Board (UBASG), 5 June 2002.

Corte Constituciónal de Colombia (CC), Sentencia T-025/2004, English version Colombian Constitutional Court's decision regarding displaced populations (decision T-025 of 2004)

Colombian Constitutional Court Decision SU-1150 of 2000

Colombian Constitutional Court Decision Decision T-327 of 2001

Colombian Constitutional Court Decision Decision T-098 of 2002

Colombian Constitutional Court, Decision C-225 of 1995

Colombian Constitutional Court Decision C-191 of 1990

ECtHR, Denizci and Others v. Cyprus, Application Nos. 25316/94, 25317/94, 25318/94, 25319/94, 25320/94 and 27207/95 (2001).

European Court of Human Rights, Keenan v. United Kingdom, Judgment, 3 April 2001

European Court of Human Rights; Selmouni v. France, 25803/94, Council of Europe: European Court of Human Rights, 28 July 1999

Government of the Republic of South Africa and Other v. Grootboom and Others, Case No. CCT 11/00. 2000 (11) BCLR 1169.

HRC, Views on Communication 449/1991(1994) (Mojica v. Dominican Republic) United Nations document CCPR/C/51/D/449/1991.

HRC, Maral Yklymova v. Turkmenistan, Communication No. 1460/2006(2009).

ICC, The Prosecutor v. Uhuru Muigai Kenyatta ICC-01/09-02/11

ICC The Prosecutor v. William Samoei Ruto ICC-01/09-01/1

Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACtHR), Moiwana Community v. Suriname, Ser. C No.124 (2005).

Inter-American Court of Human Rights, Mapiripán Massacre v. Colombia, Ser. C No. 134(2005).

Inter-American Court of Human Rights, Case of the Gómez-Paquiyauri Brothers v. Peru, Judgment of July 8,2004 (Merits, Reparations and Costs);

Inter-American Court of Human Rights, Case of the ‘Five Pensioners’. Judgment of February 28, 2003. Series C No. 98,

Inter-American Court of Human Rights ,Juridical Condition and Rights of the Undocumented Migrants. Advisory Opinion OC-18/03 of September 17, 2003. Series A No. 18.

Inter-American Court of Human Rights, Baena Ricardo Et Al. Case (270 Workers V. Panama) Competence Judgment of November 28, 2003

Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territories, Advisory Opinion, July 9, 2004, I.C.J. Reports 2004

Legality of the Threat or Use of Nuclear Weapons, Advisory Opinion, I.C.J. Reports" 1996, available at:  http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/95/7495.pdf

Moiwana Community  v. Suriname, Judgment of June 15, 2005 (Preliminary Objections, Merits, Reparations and Costs , Inter-American Court of Human Rights

North Sea Continental Shelf Cases (F.R.G. v. Den., F.R.G. v. Neth.), 1969 I.C.J. 3, 44 (Feb. 20).

Prosecutor v Krnojelac, IT-97-25-T, Appeal Judgment,17 September 2003

Prosecutor v  Krstić ,IT-98-33-T, Trial Judgment, 2 August 2001, para. 522.

Prosecutor v. Kunarac et al., Case Nos. IT-96-23 & IT-96-23/1-A, Judgment, 12 June 2002,

Prosecutor v. Semanza, Case No. ICTR-97-20-T, Judgment, 15 May 2003

Prosecutor v. Rutaganda, Case No. ICTR-96-3 -A, Judgment, 26 May 2003,

Prosecutor v  Stakić, IT-97-24-T, Appeal Judgment, 22 March 2006

Prosecutor v  Simić, IT-95-9/2-S, Trial Judgement, 17 October 2002

Prosecutor v Krnojelac, IT-97-25-T, Trial Judgment, 15 March 2002

Prosecutor v Gotovina et al. ,IT-06-90, 15 April 2011, Trial Judgment (Volume 2 of 2)

Prosecutor v Naletilić & Martinović (IT-98-34), Trial Judgment, 31 March 2003

Prosecutor v. Milošević, IT-02-54-T, Decision on motion for judgment of acquittal, 16 June 2004

Prosecutor v. Dusko Tadić, IT-94-1-AR72, Appeals Chamber, Decision, 2 October 1995

Prosecutor v Tadić, Decision on the Defence Motion for Interlocutory Appeal on Jurisdiction, Case No IT-94-1-AR72, ICL 36 (ICTY 1995), 2 October 1995

Prosecutor v. Delalić et. al, IT-96-21-T, 16 November 1998

Prosecutor v.Furundžija (IT-95-17/1), 10 December 1998

Prosecutor v. Rutaganda, ICTR-96-3, Judgment of 6 December 1999

Prosecutor v Krajišnik ,IT-00-39, Judgment, 27 September March 2006

Prosecutor v. Blaškić (IT-95-14),Trial Judgement, 3March 2000

Prosecutor v. Dario Kordic, IT-95-14/2-A, Appeal Judgement, 17 December 2004

Prosecutor v. Radoslav Brdjanin , IT-99-36-T ,Trial Judgement, 1 September 1994

Prosecutor v. Kordić & Čerkez (IT-95-14/2), Appeals Judgment, 17 December 2004

Prosecutor v. Mucić et al. (IT-96-21), 20 February 2001

Prosecutor v. Kupreškić et al. (IT-95-16), Trial Judgment, 14 January 2000

Prosecutor v. Omar Hassan Ahmad Al Bashir ICC-02/05-01/09

Republic of Colombia Constitutional Court Third Review Chamber -Orders issued by the Court- Re.: Decision T-025 of 2004 and Awards (Autos) 176, 177 and 178 of 2005

Selçuk and Asker v.Turkey,(1998) 26 EHRR 477

Sudan Human Rights Organisation and Centre on Housing Rights and Evictions (COHRE)

v Sudan, Communication No. 279/03–296/05 (27 May 2009)

Sentencia T-468/06 Registro Nacional de Poblacion Desplazada-Requisitos. English version is available in the official website of the Colombian Constitutional Court at: https://www.corteconstitucional.gov.co/relatoria/2006/T-468-06.htm

The Barcelona Traction, Light And Power Company, Limited, International Court Of Justice Reports Of Judgments, Advisory Opinions And Orders (1970).

The Ituango Massacres v. Colombia, Judgment of July 1, 2006 (Preliminary Objections, Merits, Reparations and Costs), Inter-American Court of Human Rights

The Social and Economic Rights Action Centre (SERAC) V. Nigeria, Communication No. 155/96, African Commission on Human and People’s Rights

Toonen v. Australia, Communication No. 488/1992, Human Rights Committee,U.N. Doc CCPR/C/50/D/488/1992 (1994)

UN Human Rights Committee, Essono Mika Miha v. Equatorial Guinea, Communication No. 414/1990, 8 July 1994

UN Human Rights Committee, Williams v. Jamaica, Communication No. 609/1995

UN Human Rights Committee, Essono Mika Miha v. Equatorial Guinea, Communication No. 414/1990, 8 July 1994, para. 6.4; UN Human Rights Committee, Williams v. Jamaica, Communication No. 609/1995, para. 6.5; European Court of Human Rights, Keenan v. United Kingdom, Judgment, 3 April 2001.

National IDP Frameworks

Colombia's Constitution of 1991

2003- Afghanistan: IDP Strategy

2013-Afghanistan: The National Policy on Internally Displaced Persons

1999- Azerbaijan: Law No. 669-1Q of 1999 ‘on Social Protection of Internally Displaced Persons and Persons Equated to Them’

2015-Bangladesh: National Strategy on the Management of Disaster and Climate Induced Internal Displacement

2000- Bosnia and Herzegovina: Law No. 01-286/2000 of 2000 on Displaced-Expelled Persons and Repatriates in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina 

2003- Bosnia and Herzegovina: Criminal Code of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Official Gazette of the FBiH 36/03)

2010 -Bosnia and Herzegovina: IDP Policy- Revised strategy of Bosnia and Herzegovina For the Implementation of Annex VII of the Dayton Peace Agreement

2001-Burundi: Protocol for the creation of a permanent framework for consultation on the protection of displaced persons

2014-Central African Republic: Roadmap for the Development of National Legislation on Internal Displacement

2015-Central African Republic: National Policy on Protection and Assistance to Internally Displaced Persons in Central Africa

1997-Colombia: Law 387 on Internal Displacement of 1997

2011-Victims and Land Restitution Law of 2011 (Law 1448)

1995-Colombia: CONPES Document 2804: National Program of Integral Attention to the Population Displaced by Violence

1998-Colombia:  Decree No. 173 of 1998 by which the National Plan for the Comprehensive Care of the Population Displaced by Violence

1999-Colombia: Strategic plan for managing internal displacement forced by the armed conflict

1999-Colombia:  Document CONPES 3057: Action plan for the prevention and care of forced displacement

2005-Colombia: Decree No. 250 by which the National Plan for the Comprehensive Care of the Population Displaced by Violence

2012-Colombia:  Decree No. 1725 of 2012 by which the National Plan for Comprehensive Care and Reparation for Victims, dealt with by Law 1448 of 2011

2012-Colombia:  Decree No. 1725 of 2012 by which the National Plan for Comprehensive Care and Reparation for Victims, dealt with by Law 1448 of 2011

2016-Democratic Republic of the Congo: Provincial Strategy for Sustainable Solutions for Internally Displaced Persons in North Kivu

1997-Ethiopia: Proclamation no. 89/1997, Federal Rural Land Administration

2018-Ethiopia: Humanitarian and Disaster Resilience Plan

2005-Eritrea: Proclamation No. 145/2005 of 2005, Non-governmental Organization Administration Proclamation

2018-Fiji: Planned Relocation Guidelines - A framework to undertake climate change related relocation

2008-Gambia:                                                                                      National Disaster Management Bill

1996-Georgia: Law of the Republic of Georgia Concerning Internally Displaced People.

2007-Georgia: Decree No. 47 on ‘Approving of the State Strategy for Internally Displaced Persons – Persecuted’

2009-Georgia: Decree No.575 "Regarding the amendment of the Government Decree No.403 of 28 May, 2009 about 'Adoption of the Action Plan for the Implementation of the State Strategy on IDPs during 2009-2012

2010-Georgia: Decree of the Georgian Government No.575

2014-Georgia: Law of 2014 on Internally Displaced Persons – Persecuted from the Occupied Territories of Georgia         

2016-Honduras: Law for the prevention, care and protection of internally displaced persons

2008-Iraq: National Policy on Displacement

2008-Iraq: Prime Minister's Order 101/S of 2008 (property).

2008- Kenya: Kenya National Accord and Reconciliation Act No. 4

2009-Kenya: National Disaster Response Plan

2009- Kenya: Eviction and Resettlement Guidelines

2011- Kenya: National policy on the prevention of internal displacement and the protection and assistance to internally displaced persons in Kenya

2011-Kenya: Kenya National Commission on Human Rights Act No. 14

2012- Kenya: Evictions and Resettlement Procedures Bill                  

2012- Kenya: Act No. 56 of 2012, Prevention, Protection and Assistance to Internally Displaced Persons and Affected Communities Act

2013-Kosovo: National Legislative Bodies / National Authorities, Kosovo: Strategy for Communities and Returns (2014 to 2018)

2002-Kyrgyzstan: Law No.133 on Internal Migration

2004-Liberia: Instrument of Adoption of Guiding Principles on Internally Displaced Persons

2015-Malawi: National Disaster Risk Management Policy

2014-Mexico: Law for the Prevention of and Response to Internal Displacement in the State of Guerrero, Decree No. 487

2012- Mexico: Law for the Prevention of and Response to Internal Displacement in the State of Chiapas, Decree N. 158

2011-Namibia: National Disaster Risk Management Plan

2007-Nepal: National Policies on Internally Displaced Persons

2018-Niger: Bill on the Protection and Assistance to Internally Displaced Persons in Niger

2016-Nigeria: The Buhari Plan                                                            

2012- Nigeria: National Policy on Internally Displaced Persons

2016- Nigeria: Rights of Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) Bill

2013-Pakistan: National Disaster Risk Reduction Policy

2014-Peru: Law No. 28223 on Internal Displacement

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