| Kitap Künyesi | |
| Yazar | Osman Buğra BEYDOĞAN |
| Baskı Tarihi | 2022/11 |
| Baskı Sayısı | 1 |
| Boyut | 16x24 cm (Standart Kitap Boyu) |
| Cilt | Karton kapak |
| Sayfa Sayısı | 326 |
Osman Buğra BEYDOĞAN
Legal Boundarıes Of Intellectual Property Commercıalızatıon In The European Internal Market
The present work is adapted from the doctoral dissertation of the author, submitted to the University of Debrecen Géza Marton Doctoral School of Legal Studies (Hungary) in May 2021 and defended in June 2021.
The kick-off challenge facing the European intellectual property (IP) laws is hardly less apparent to those outsiders (much like the present author once was) than it is to native European lawyers and scholars. On the one hand rests the emblematic market model of the Union (i.e. the EU Internal Market) characterized by the free movement principle and the objective of undistorted competition. On the other hand is the typology of IP rights that is characteristically exclusive -thus exclusionary- and historically territorial. The two phenomena are prone to come to an inherent and immediately conflict insofar as the territorial monopolistic rights stemming from IP protection, when exercised in respect of corporeal goods and services, present a major impediment to cross-border movement of corporeal goods and provision of such services.
Along these lines, the national IP rights made its debut in the modern European scene as an integrational -thus existential- and perpetual challenge before the European Union (EU). It is this -almost natural- contrast that brought the present author to be inquisitive of the continuum of reconciling these two intransigents. The curiosity, along the way, translated into critical and occasionally appreciative appraisal; the latter, however, is not necessarily because the said continuum was by any means magical, but rather because how progressively the IP practice has been jurisprudentially and legislatively tailored to fit the existential policy objectives of the Union on many fronts. With the postulates that (i) the very inception of an EU IP law above the national ones is directly (and perhaps exclusively) attributable to the idiosyncrasy of the unique market model that serves as the prime medium of European integration and that (ii) the legal boundaries of IP commercialization in the EU Internal Market are collectively marked by the free movement principle and competition rules of the Union, the present works sets about exploring these boundaries on various fronts, including the internal premises of IP law as well as that of competition law.
In contextual terms, there two points author feels the need to expressly elucidate. Firstly, references made, throughout the study, to judicial processes involving the United Kingdom covers pre-Brexit stage, where the UK was a part of the Internal Market. Secondly, the formal and methodological reason for the author’s refrainment from addressing patent exhaustion in a separate chapter needs to be highlighted. By the time of compilation of this study, the Unified Patent Court Agreement (and concordantly the Unitary Patent Regulation) had not come into force. Concordantly, albeit the aforementioned legislation encompasses exhaustion provision and its limitations having been formulated as “legitimate reasons”, there is no Union legal order (yet) that has shaped around (or come to interpret) thereof at the Union level. Therefore, the appraisal of these definitions, in the absence of judicial interpretation, would be of speculative nature, in contrast to general analytic profile of the present study. With that, the general consideration of patent exhaustion and certain specific situations have been addressed in the doctrinal part, subsumed under the Chapter 4 of this work. On a final note, it goes without saying that the present work stands only to be the nucleus of an exploratory undertaking that has yet to expand, further and continuously.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE.......................................................................................................................... 5
TABLE OF CONTENTS ...................................................................................................... 7
GLOSSARY OF ABBREVIATIONS..................................................................................... 11
INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................... 13
CHAPTER 1
FROM INTANGIBLES TO INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
DELINIATING IP COMMERCIALIZATION
1. INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................................25
2. INTANGIBLES AS THE FUNDAMENT OF VALUE CREATION ....................................................26
3. Intellectual Properties Through the Lens of the Concept of Property ..................................31
4. Why More Commercial Than Tangible Assets?.....................................................................33
5. Delineating Commercialization .............................................................................................37
6. Identifying the Concept of Intellectual Property Commercialization from the Legal
Perspective............................................................................................................................38
6.1. Commercialization of Intellectual Property (IP)............................................................40
6.2. Commercialization of Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) .............................................41
7. Conclusion.............................................................................................................................46
CHAPTER 2
CONFLICT IN NATURE: TERRITORIAL EXCLUSIVITIES VS.
FREE MOVEMENT OF IP PROTECTED SUBSTANCE;
IMPLICATIONS OF IP TERRITORIALITY FOR THE EU INTERNAL MARKET
1. Introduction ..........................................................................................................................49
2. Territoriality of IP Rights .......................................................................................................51
2.1. The Early Background ...................................................................................................51
2.2. Towards the Modern Day .............................................................................................53
3. Exclusionary/Monopolistic Character of IP Rights ................................................................59
4. Market Segregating Effect of National Intellectual Property Rights .....................................61
5. Interim Conclusion ................................................................................................................65
6. Particular challenge for the European Internal Market ........................................................66
8 Table of Contents
CHAPTER 3
RECONCILING THE CONFLICT IN NATURE; EARLY DOCTRINES
1. Existence and Exercise of Rights ...........................................................................................79
2. Specific Subject Matter of Rights ..........................................................................................88
3. Polysemy of ‘Specific Subject Matter’ and Fluxional Definitions ..........................................94
CHAPTER 4
EXHAUSTION OF RIGHTS
1. General Concept of Exhaustion and the its Function............................................................99
2. The Community Exhaustion: The Formulation....................................................................105
3. The Concept of Putting on The Market...............................................................................111
4. Marketing by or with the Consent of the Right Holder.......................................................120
4.1. Putting on the Market by a Distributor.......................................................................121
4.2. Putting on the Market by a Commercial Agent...........................................................122
4.3. Putting on the Market by the Undertakings that Belong to the Same Economic
Group..........................................................................................................................122
4.4 . Putting on the Market by the Licensees ...................................................................125
4.5. Putting on the Market by the Right Holder.................................................................127
5. Marketing by Third Parties..................................................................................................129
5.1. Marketing by Third Parties without Intellectual Property Rights................................130
5.2. Marketing by Third Parties with Related Intellectual Property Rights and IP
Assignment .................................................................................................................133
5.3. Marketing Under Compulsory Licenses ......................................................................146
6. Marketing in Breach of Licensing Agreement .....................................................................149
7. The Geographical Scope of Exhaustion ...............................................................................160
7.1. Less is Prohibited; What About More? .......................................................................161
7.2. A Push Towards International Exhaustion: Implied Consent and Consent
Defined .......................................................................................................................163
7.3. The Earlier Practice on Allocating the Burden of Proof and the Core of the
Issue............................................................................................................................165
7.4. Shift of Evidentiary Burden: Van Doren Case..............................................................167
CHAPTER 5
INEXHAUSTIBLE RIGHTS: SPECIFIC CONSIDERATIONS FOR COPYRIGHT
1. Rental and Lending Rights...................................................................................................170
2. Rights in Performances & Communication to the Public ....................................................171
Table of Contents 9
3. An Overview on digital ‘further commercialization’ and exhaustion..................................176
4. The Aftermath of the Judgements and Remarks ................................................................185
CHAPTER 6
TRADEMARK-SPECIFIC CONSIDERATIONS:
REPACKAGING, REBRANDING and DEBRANDING
1. The Essence of Question .....................................................................................................191
2. Pre-Harmonization Jurisprudence.......................................................................................194
3. Adoption of the First Trade Mark Directive ........................................................................197
4. Threshold of Intervention Required for Repackaging; Junek Europ-Vertrieb .....................205
5. Application of Repackaging Principles Beyond Pharmaceuticals ........................................206
CHAPTER 7
USING OTHER`S TRADEMARK FOR ADVERTISING
1. Use in Relation to the Right Holder`s Goods: Dior v. Evora ................................................210
1.1. Exhaustion of the right to use the mark for advertising .............................................211
1.2. Limitation to exhaustion .............................................................................................211
2. Referential Use of Other`s Trademark ................................................................................213
3. Conclusions on Repackaging and Advertising .....................................................................220
CHAPTER 8
COMPETITION LAW CONSIDERATIONS
1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................225
1.1. Interface between two bodies of law: convergence and divergence .........................226
1.2. Specific consideration for the Internal Market ...........................................................228
1.3. Nuance from free movement provisions: what is offered vs. what can be
offered and more........................................................................................................229
1.4. Statutory Bases of Competition Rules.........................................................................231
1.4.1. Central Provisions: TFEU .................................................................................231
1.4.2. Procedural guidance on the application of the provisions: Regulation
1/2003.............................................................................................................233
1.4.3. Vertical Restraints Block Exemption Regulation (VBER)..................................235
1.4.4. Technology Transfer Block Exemption Regulation (TTBER).............................235
1.5. Ground Rule: IPRs are not anticompetitive per se ......................................................238
2. Selective Distribution Systems ............................................................................................240
2.1. General Treatment of SDSs Under Art. 101(1)............................................................241
10 Table of Contents
2.2. Vertical Restraints Block Exemption (VBER)
................................................................244
2.3. Restriction on Online Sales .........................................................................................245
3. Refusal to License and Abuse of Dominant Position: General Outlines..............................252
4. Standard Essential Patents (SEPs) and Abusive of Dominant Position by Bringing
Proceedings in Relation to SEPs ..........................................................................................261
5. Patent Pooling and Competition Rules ...............................................................................269
6. Reverse Payment (Pay-For-Delay) and Co-Promotion Agreements....................................274
CONCLUSIONS .....................................................................................................283
LIST OF BIBLIOGRAPHY.........................................................................................305
TABLE OF CASES...................................................................................................317
LEGAL SOURCES ...................................................................................................323
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