Birleşik Krallık'ta Parlemento Egemenliği ve Brexıt Süreci

Bu çalışma Marmara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Kamu Hukuku Yüksek Lisans programı kapsamında hazırlanan ve 15.12.2022 tarihinde

Prof. Dr. Abdullah SEZER, Doç. Dr. Oya BOYAR ve Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Volkan ASLAN’dan oluşan jüri önünde savunularak oy birliği ile kabul edilen yüksek

lisans tezinin kitaplaşmış halidir. Çalışmada Brexit sürecinin, Birleşik Krallık’ta benimsenen parlamento egemenliği ilkesine etkileri incelenmiştir. Bu

kapsamda öncelikle parlamento egemenliği ilkesini meydana getiren tarihsel çalışmalar ve ilkenin teorisi BK anayasal sisteminin özellikleri doğrultusunda

açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır. Yine çalışmada ana problematikle sınırlı kalmak kaydıyla BK’nin AB üyeliği, BK’deki referandum kurumu ve Tacın ayrıcalıklı yetkileri de açıklanmıştır.

Brexit sürecinin parlamento egemenliği ilkesine etkileri ise Brexit referandumu, Yüksek Mahkeme’nin 2017 tarihli Miller I kararı ve 2019 tarihli Miller II kararları üzerinden incelenmiştir.

Teşekkür kısmına gelince, tez danışmanlığımı kabul eden, tez yazım sürecinin her aşamasında desteğini esirgemeyen kıymetli hocam Doç. Dr. Oya

BOYAR’a teşekkürü borç bilirim. Akademik hayatımın ilk uzun soluklu çalışması olan bu süreçte Oya hocam gibi bir danışmanla çalışmış olmaktan dolayı kendimi şanslı addediyorum.

Savunma jürimde yer alarak bu çalışmanın nihai halini almasında eleştiri ve önerileri ile katkıda bulanan Prof. Dr. Abdullah SEZER’e ve Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Volkan ASLAN’a teşekkür ederim. 

Trabzon Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi’nde göreve başladığım ilk günden itibaren sunmuş olduğu çalışma ortamı ve her zaman vermiş olduğ her türlü

destekten dolayı kürsü hocam Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Semih Batur KAYA’ya teşekkür ederim.

BİRLEŞİK KRALLIK’TA PARLAMENTO EGEMENLİĞİ ve BREXIT SÜRECİ

Son olarak bu kitabın basımını üstlenen Yetkin Basım Yayım ve Dağıtım A.Ş.’nin yöneticisi Muharrem BAŞER’e ve kitabı titizlikle yayına hazırlayan Yetkin Basımevi’nin çalışanlarına teşekkür ederim.

Mustafa NASİP

Trabzon, 2023

İÇİNDEKİLER

ÖNSÖZ ..........................................................................................................7

KISALTMALAR ........................................................................................11

GİRİŞ...........................................................................................................13

BİRİNCİ BÖLÜM

PARLAMENTO EGEMENLİĞİ İLKESİ

A. İSİMLENDİRME ÜZERİNE KAVRAMSAL BİR

İNCELEME.........................................................................................21

B. PARLAMENTO EGEMENLİĞİ İLKESİNİ ORTAYA

ÇIKARAN TARİHSEL GELİŞMELER ..........................................29

1. 17. Yüzyıla Kadar Olan Gelişmeler ..............................................29

a) Witanagemot Meclisleri.........................................................29

b) Magna Carta...........................................................................31

c) Büyük Şura’dan Parlamentoya Dönüşüm..............................35

2. 17. Yüzyılda Meydana Gelen Gelişmeler......................................41

3. 17. Yüzyıldan Sonra Meydana Gelen Gelişmeler .........................49

C. PARLAMENTO EGEMENLİĞİ TEORİSİ.....................................56

1. Pozitif Yönden Parlamento Egemenliği Teorisi............................60

2. Negatif Yönden Parlamento Egemenliği Teorisi...........................66

3. Parlamentonun Halefini Sınırlandıramaması.................................71

4. Parlamento Egemenliğinin Olası Hukuki Sınırları........................75

a) Bağımsızlık Verilen Eski Sömürge Ülkelerinin Durumu ......76

b) İçtihat Hukuku Radikalizmi...................................................78

c) Yeniden Tanımlama Teorileri................................................81

d) İnsan Hakları Hukuku............................................................84

5. Parlamentonun Fiili İç ve Dış Sınırları.............................................89

D. ANAYASANIN ÜSTÜNLÜĞÜNÜN BENİMSENDİĞİ

SİSTEMDEN PARLAMENTO EGEMENLİĞİ İLKESİNE

BİR BAKIŞ ..........................................................................................92

BİRLEŞİK KRALLIK’TA PARLAMENTO EGEMENLİĞİ ve BREXIT SÜRECİ

10

İKİNCİ BÖLÜM

BREXİT SÜRECİNDE

PARLAMENTO EGEMENLİĞİ İLKESİ

A. BİRLEŞİK KRALLIK’IN AVRUPA BİRLİĞİ ÜYELİĞİ ve

BREXİT ...............................................................................................95

1. Birleşik Krallık’ın AB Üyeliğinin Tarihçesi .................................95

2. AB Üyeliğinin Parlamento Egemenliğine Etkisi.........................102

3. Brexit Süreci................................................................................106

B. REFERANDUM ve YÜKSEK MAHKEME KARARLARI.........111

1. Brexit Referandumu ....................................................................111

a) BK Anayasal Sisteminde Referandumun Konumu..............111

b) Brexit Referandumu ve Sonuçları........................................120

2. Yüksek Mahkeme Kararları.........................................................136

a) Tacın Ayrıcalıklı Yetkileri...................................................136

b) Miller I Kararı......................................................................142

c) Miller II Kararı.....................................................................159

SONUÇ ......................................................................................................171

KAYNAKÇA.............................................................................................175

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