Birleşmiş Milletler İş Dünyası ve İnsan Hakları

İ Ç İ N D E K İ L E R

GİRİŞ ..............................................................................................................1

BİRİNCİ BÖLÜM

HAKİM ŞİRKETLERİN VE TALİMAT VEREN

ŞİRKETLERİN ÖZEN GÖREVİ HAKKINDA KANUN’UN

İNCELEMESİ

1.1. Uluslararası standartlar.........................................................................5

1.2. Fransa’nın Uluslararası Hukuk Normları Karşısındaki

Tutumu..................................................................................................6

1.3. Yasama Süreci ......................................................................................8

1.4. Kanun Koyucunun Tercih Ettiği Anlayış ve Tercih

Edilen Anlayışın Değerlendirilmesi....................................................12

1.4.1. Kanun Kapsamında Özen Planı Hazırlamakla

Yükümlü Olan Şirketlerin Belirlenmesi.................................12

1.4.2. Özen Planı Hazırlamaktan Muaf Tutulan

Şirketler..................................................................................14

1.4.3. İşçi Sayısının Belirlenmesi ve Hesabı ....................................16

1.4.4. Kanun’un Kapsamına Giren Şirketlerin Somut

Olarak Belirlenmesi................................................................17

1.5. Hakim Şirket Tarafından Hazırlanan Özen Planının

Sınırları ...............................................................................................19

1.5.1. Tedarik Zinciri Kapsamında Sorumluluğun

Belirlenmesi............................................................................20

VIII

1.5.2. Hâkim Şirketin Yerleşik Ticari İlişkileri................................21

1.5.3. Özen Planı Kapsamında Hâkim Şirketin

Doğrudan/Dolaylı Kontrolü Altında Bulunan

İş Ortakları..............................................................................23

1.6. Hâkim Şirket Tarafından Hazırlanan ve Uygulanan

Özen Planları ......................................................................................26

1.6.1. Özen Planına Hâkim Olan İlkeler...........................................27

1.6.2. Paydaşların Katılımı...............................................................28

1.7. Hâkim Şirketin Sorumluluğu Bakımından Özen

Planının Değerlendirilmesi .................................................................29

1.7.1. Özen Planı Bakımından ‘Ciddi İnsan Hakkı

İhlalleri’ Kavramının Değerlendirilmesi ................................33

1.7.2. Extra-territoriality (Sınır Ötesilik) Kavramı...........................34

1.7.3. Complicity (Suça Ortak Olma) – Adverse

Impact (Olumsuz Etki)...........................................................38

1.7.4. Hukuki-Cezai-İdari Sorumluluk Tartışması...........................41

1.8. Özen Görevinin Yerine Getirilmemesi Halinde Hâkim

Şirketin Karşılaşacağı Yaptırım(lar)...................................................43

1.8.1. Hukuki Menfaat Sahiplerine Tanınan Dava

Takip Yetkisi..........................................................................47

1.8.2. İspat Yükümlülüğü ...................................................................49

1.9. Şeffaflık vs. Ticari Sır.........................................................................51

IX

İKİNCİ BÖLÜM

KANUNUN UYGULAMASI VE KARŞILAŞILAN

PROBLEMLER

2.1. Şirketlerin İnsan Hakları Özen Yükümlülüğü

Kapsamında Özen Planlarının Değerlendirilmesi...............................55

2.2. Kanun Kapsamında Hazırlanan Özen Planları ...................................56

2.3. Yöntem ...............................................................................................58

Özen Planlarının İç/Dış Denetim Mekanizmaları

Tarafından Hazırlanması ....................................................................60

2.4. Özen Planlarının İçeriği......................................................................65

2.5. Paydaşların Özen Planlarındaki Yeri..................................................67

2.6. Mevcut ve Muhtemel Risklerin Belirlenmesi ve

Önlenmesi...........................................................................................69

2.7. Özen Planlarında Şirketlerin Kontrolü Altında

Bulunan Şirketler, Tedarik Zincirleri ve Yüklenicileri.......................71

2.8. Hukuki Çözüm ve Erken Uyarı Mekanizmaları .................................72

Türkiye’de Faaliyet Gösteren Fransız Şirketlerinin

Türkiye Merkezli Şirketler ile İlgili Rapor ve

Planlamaları........................................................................................74

2.9. Özen Görevi Hakkında Kanun Kapsamında İşletilen

Hukuki Süreçler..................................................................................75

Yargıya Yansıyan İlk Uyuşmazlık......................................................76

2.10. İlk Yargılamalar ve Görevli Mahkeme Tartışması.............................78

2.10.1. Şirketlere Gönderilen İhtarlar ve Diğer Yargı

Süreçleri .................................................................................82

X

2.10.2. Total’in Paris Sözleşmesi ile Belirlenen

Hedeflere Aykırı Faaliyet Göstermesi....................................83

2.10.3. Casino Grup’un Tedarik Zinciri Kapsamında

Özen Yükümlülüğü ................................................................84

2.10.4. Yerli Halkların Hakları Bakımından Sağlanan

İmkanlar .................................................................................85

2.10.5. Sağlık ve Çevre Hakkı Bakımından Şirketlerin

Özen Görevi ...........................................................................86

2.11. Sivil Toplum Örgütlerinin Özen Görevinin Yerine

Getirildiğinin Denetimdeki Rolü ve Önemi........................................87

SONUÇ.........................................................................................................89

K A Y N A K Ç A.........................................................................................93

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