Uluslararası Hukukta İnsan Ticareti Suçunun Silahlı Çatışmalarda Çocuklar Açısından Değerlendirilmesi

ÖNSÖZ

Çocuk istismarı tüm ülkeler açısından temel insan hakları sorunu

olarak güncelliğini korumaktadır. Dünya genelinde meydana gelen savaş, silahlı iç çatışmalar, ekonomik eşitsizlik, küresel ısınma, kuraklık,

açlık, kıtlık gibi diğer doğal ve insandan kaynaklanan afetler sonucu

ortaya çıkan olaylar çocukların da ağırlıklı olarak içinde yer aldığı nüfus hareketlerini giderek arttırmaktadır. Artan nüfus hareketlerine paralel olarak çocukların insan ticaretine konu olması, özellikle çocuk istismarının bir diğer boyutu olan silahlı çatışmalarda çocukların kullanılması günümüzde yaygın hale gelmiştir.

Topluma ve bireye etkileri açısından geniş bir alana yayılan, çocukların korunabilmesi için çözümlenmesi gereken bu sorun, silahlı çatışmalarda çok daha derin ve karmaşık bir sorun olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır. Savaş halleri ile silahlı çatışmalarda çocukların çok yönlü olarak

istismara maruz kalması yanında özellikle çocuklardan şiddet aracı olarak yararlanılması çocuk istismarının çok ağır ve farklı bir boyutunu

oluşturmaktadır. Bu durum sorunun sosyal, siyasal ve ekonomik bakış

açısı yanında ayrıca hukuki çerçevede ele alınmasını zorunlu kılmaktadır.

Çocukların iç çatışmalarda istismar edilmesinin önlenebilmesi için

sorunun özellikle ulusal hukukumuz ve uluslararası hukuk çerçevesinde

başlı başına ele alınmasını ve irdelenmesini gerekli kılmaktadır. “Uluslararası Hukukta İnsan Ticareti Suçunun Silahlı Çatışmalarda Çocuklar

Açısından Değerlendirilmesi” başlıklı kitapta bu alan kapsamında yayımlanan ulusal ve uluslararası güncel hukuki gelişmeler aktarılmış ayrıca farklı disiplinler ve yaklaşımlar, kavramsal görüşler incelenerek ir-

ULUSLARARASI HUKUKTA İNSAN TİCARETİ SUÇUNUN

SİLAHLI ÇATIŞMALARDA ÇOCUKLAR AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

8

delenmiştir. Bu bakış açısı içinde kaleme alınan söz konusu kitap akademik dünyaya özgün bir değer katmaktadır. Silahlı çatışmalarda insan

ticaretinin mağdurları içinde en çok korunması gereken, en kırılgan

grubu oluşturan, sesini duyurması mümkün olmayan “sessiz mağdurlar” olarak nitelendirebileceğimiz çocukların durumunu disiplinler arası

yaklaşımla ele alan “Uluslararası Hukukta İnsan Ticareti Suçunun Silahlı Çatışmalarda Çocuklar Açısından Değerlendirilmesi” başlıklı kitap, kaynak eksikliğinin giderilmesinde akademik dünyaya katkıda bulunacaktır. Topluma ve çocuklara olan etkileri açısından da güncel ve

güvenilir bir kaynak olarak, tüm akademisyenler ve diğer araştırmacılar

yararlanacaktır.

Çalışmayı titizlikle yayına hazırlayan Yetkin Yayınevi sahibi

Muharrem BAŞER’e ve yayınevi çalışanlarına teşekkür ederiz.

Bu yayının, Uluslararası Hukukta İnsan Ticareti Suçunun Silahlı

Çatışmalarda Çocuklar Açısından Değerlendirilmesi bakımından daha

sonraki yayınlara öncülük etmesi dileğiyle değerli öğrencimiz ve meslektaşımız Dr. Zeynep Deniz Altınsoy'u kutluyoruz.

Prof. Dr. Mustafa Tevfik ODMAN

Dr. (Ph.D.) Lütfiye ODMAN

İÇİNDEKİLER

ÖNSÖZ................................................................................................5

KISALTMALAR .............................................................................13

GİRİŞ ................................................................................................17

1. BÖLÜM

1. KAVRAMLAR ............................................................................33

1.1. Çocuk Kavramı ....................................................................33

1.1.1. Çocukluğun Süresi.....................................................39

1.1.2. Çocukluk Süresindeki Aşamalar ...............................40

1.1.3. Uluslararası Toplumda Çocuk Haklarının

Kabulünü Hazırlayan Gelişmeler ..............................42

1.1.4. Çocuğun Hak Öznesi Olarak Kabul Edilmesi ...........47

1.2. Savaş ve Silahlı Çatışma Kavramı.......................................51

1.2.1. Uluslararası Silahlı Çatışma ......................................56

1.2.2. Uluslararası Olmayan Silahlı Çatışma.......................58

1.3. Kölelik Kavramı...................................................................60

1.3.1. Evrensel Düzeyde Modern Zamanların

Köleliğine İlişkin Hukuki Düzenlemeler ve

Hazırlık Çalışmaları...................................................77

1.3.2. Bölgesel Düzeyde Kölelik ve Kölelik Benzeri

Uygulamalara İlişkin Hukuki Düzenlemeler ve

Hazırlık Çalışmaları...................................................83

1.4. İnsan Ticareti Kavramı ........................................................89

1.4.1. İnsan Ticareti Suçu ve Modern Kölelik.....................94

1.4.2. İnsan Ticareti Suçu ile İlgili Çalışmalarda

Kölelik Olgusu...........................................................99

ULUSLARARASI HUKUKTA İNSAN TİCARETİ SUÇUNUN

SİLAHLI ÇATIŞMALARDA ÇOCUKLAR AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

10

1.4.3. İnsan Ticareti Suçu ve Kölelik Benzeri

Uygulamalar ............................................................103

1.4.4. Zorla Çalıştırmak Amaçlı İnsan Ticareti ve

Kölelik Benzeri Uygulamalar..................................111

1.4.5. Kulluk ve İnsan Ticareti ..........................................120

2. BÖLÜM

2. KÖLELİK VE İNSAN TİCARETİ SUÇLARININ

ULUSLARARASI HUKUKUN EMREDİCİ

NORMLARI AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ .........125

2.1. Uluslararası Hukukta Emredici Normlar ...........................129

2.1.1. Jus Cogens Norm Açısından Kölelik ve İnsan

Ticareti.....................................................................130

2.1.2. Erga Omnes Yükümlülük- Emredici Kural

Açısından Kölelik ve İnsan Ticareti ........................139

2.1.3. Uluslararası Suç Açısından Kölelik ve İnsan

Ticareti.....................................................................144

2.2. İnsan Ticareti Suçu ............................................................151

2.2.1. İnsan Ticaretinde Eylem Unsuru .............................158

2.2.2. İnsan Ticaretinde Araç Unsuru................................159

2.2.2.1. Tehdit veya Güç Kullanımı veya Diğer

Zorlama Biçimleri ....................................160

2.2.2.2. Kaçırma ....................................................160

2.2.2.3. Kandırma ve Aldatma ..............................161

2.2.2.4. Bir Güvenlik Açığı Konumunun veya

Kişinin İçinde Bulunduğu Durumun

Kötüye Kullanılması.................................162

2.2.2.5. Gücün veya Yetkinin Kötüye

Kullanılması .............................................164

2.2.2.6. Kişiler Üzerindeki Denetim

Olanaklarından veya Kişilerin

Çaresizliklerinden Yararlanmak...............165

İÇİNDEKİLER

11

2.2.3. İnsan Ticaretinde Amaç Unsuru..............................166

2.2.3.1. Cinsel Sömürü ve Fuhuş Sömürüsü .........167

2.2.3.2. Zorla Çalıştırma veya Hizmet Ettirmek ...168

2.2.3.3. Kölelik ve Kölelik Benzeri

Uygulamalar, Kulluk ................................171

2.2.3.4. Organların Alınması .................................172

2.2.3.5. Diğer Sömürü Çeşitleri.............................172

2.2.4. İnsan Ticareti Suçunun Cezai Özellikleri................175

2.2.4.1. Modern Hukuk Sisteminde Kölelik ve

İnsan Ticareti Suçunun Örtüşmeme

Sorunu ......................................................181

2.2.4.2. İnsan Ticareti Suçunda Mağdurun

Rızası Unsuru ...........................................189

2.2.4.3. Göçmen Kaçakçılığı Suçunun İnsan

Ticareti Suçuna Benzerliği Sorunu...........198

3. BÖLÜM

3. SİLAHLI ÇATIŞMALARDA ÇOCUKLARIN

KULLANILMASININ İNSAN TİCARETİ VE

KÖLELİK İLE İLİŞKİSİ.........................................................207

3.1. 2 Eylül 1990 Tarihli Çocuk Hakları Sözleşmesi’nde

Savaşan Çocuklar...............................................................215

3.1.1. Çocuğun Korunması ve Özerkliğinin Tanınması....218

3.1.2. Çocuğun Yüksek Yararı İlkesi ................................227

3.1.3. Çocuk Hakları Kapsamında Rüşt Sorunu................229

3.2. 12 Ağustos 1949 Tarihli Cenevre Sözleşmeleri ve Ek

Protokolleri’nde Silahlı Çatışma İçindeki Çocuklar..........234

3.2.1. Çocukların Silahlı Çatışmalara Doğrudan

Katılmaları...............................................................243

3.2.2. Uluslararası Ceza Mahkemesi Statüsünde

Savaşan Çocuklar ....................................................245

ULUSLARARASI HUKUKTA İNSAN TİCARETİ SUÇUNUN

SİLAHLI ÇATIŞMALARDA ÇOCUKLAR AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

12

3.2.3. Çocuğun Silahlı Çatışmalarda Kullanılması ve

Savaş Suçu...............................................................248

3.3. Uluslararası Nitelikli Olmayan Silahlı Çatışmaların

Yarattığı Koşullar...............................................................251

3.3.1. Çocukların Silahlı Çatışmalara Dolaylı

Katılmaları...............................................................256

3.3.2. Silahlı Çatışmalarda Terör Örgütü ve Devlet Dışı

Grupların Çocuk İstismarı .......................................258

3.3.3. Silahlı Çatışmalarda Çocuk İstismarı ile İlgili

Örnekler...................................................................263

3.3.4. Silahlı Çatışmalarda Çocuk İstismarları

Hakkında Örnek Mahkeme Kararları ......................272

3.3.4.1. Dominic Ongwen Davası .........................274

3.3.4.2. Thomas Lubanga Davası ..........................280

3.3.4.3. Ntaganda Davası.......................................283

3.3.4.4. Omar Khadr Davası..................................285

3.3.4.5. Jawad Davası............................................295

SONUÇ.............................................................................................299

KAYNAKÇA ...................................................................................307

• KİTAPLAR........................................................................307

• MAKALELER...................................................................319

• SÖZLÜKLER ....................................................................331

• TEZLER ve BİLDİRİLER.................................................331

• ANDLAŞMALAR.............................................................332

• BM, AB, UHK ve MAHKEME KARARLARI,

GENEL YORUMLAR.......................................................338

• RAPORLAR ......................................................................350

• İNTERNET SAYFALARI.................................................358

KAYNAKÇA

KİTAPLAR

Akar, E. (2019). İnsancıl Hukuk Çerçevesinde Çocuk Askerler Sorunu.

Ankara: Astana Yayınları.

Akipek, J. Akıntürk, T. ve Karaman, D.A. (2015). Türk Medeni Hukuku

Başlangıç Hükümleri Kişiler Hukuku (12. Baskı). İstanbul: Beta

Yayınları.

Akyüz, E. (2018). Çocuk Hukuku (6. Bası). Ankara: Pegem Akademi

Yayınları,

Allen, T. (2005). “War And Justice in Northern Uganda: An Assessment Of The International Criminal Court’s Intervention, An Independent Report”, Crisis States Research Centre Development

Studies Institute, London School of Economics, February.

Archard, D. (2004). Childen: Rights and Childhood (2. Baskı). London

– New York: Routledge.

Arsal, S.M. (1948). Umumi Hukuk Tarihi (3. Baskı). İstanbul: İstanbul

Üniversitesi Yayınları.

Arslan, A. (1999). Felsefeye Giriş, Ankara: Vadi Yayınları

Aybay, R. ve Oral, E. (2016). Kamusal Uluslararası Hukuk, İstanbul:

Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları.

Ayiter K. (1963).Roma Hukuku Dersleri Aile Hukuku, (İkinci Bası).

Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi Basımevi.

Bales, K. (1999). Disposable People: New Slavery in The Global Economy, California: University of California Press.

ULUSLARARASI HUKUKTA İNSAN TİCARETİ SUÇUNUN

SİLAHLI ÇATIŞMALARDA ÇOCUKLAR AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

308

Bantekas, I. and Nash, S. (2007). International Criminal (Third Edition). New York.

Bassiouni, M.C. (2014). Introduction to International Criminal Law

(Second Revised Edition). Lieden/Boston: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.

Bassiouni, M.C. (2011). Crimes Against Humanity, Cambridge: Cambridge University.

Barry, K.J. (2003). Editorial Comment: A Response to Why Military

Commissions Are the Proper Form and Why Terrorists Will Have

“Full and Fair” Trials. Army Law 17. https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/armylaw2003&div=57&id=&page= https://www.loc.gov/rr/frd/Military_Law/pdf/11-(2003).pdf

Başeren, S.H. (2002). “Uluslararası Hukuk Açısından Terörizm”, Dünyada ve Türkiye’de Terör, Ankara: T.C. Merkez Bankası Yayınları.

Beccaria, C. (2016). Suçlar ve Cezalar Hakkında (Çev: Sami Selçuk).

(6. Baskı). Ankara: İmge Yayınevi.

Blackstone, W. (1765). Commentaries on the Laws of England Oxford:

The Clarendon Press.

Bloch, M. (1997). Feodal Toplum (Çev. Mehmet Ali Kılıçbay). Ankara:

Opus.

Blokesley, C.L. “Terorism, Drugs, International Law and the Protection

of Human Liberty. A Comparative Study on International Law,

its Nature, Role and Impact in Motters of Terorism, Drug Trafficking, War and Extradition” New York: Transnational Publishers

inc.

Boister, N. (2012). An Introduction to Transnational Criminal Law

Oxford: Oxford University Press.

KAYNAKÇA

309

Borch, F.L. (2009). III (November (2003). “Why Military Commissions Are the Proper Form and Why Terrorists Will Have “Full and

Fair” Trials: A Rebuttal to Military Commissions: Trying American Justice” (PDF). Army Lawyer. Archived from the original

(PDF). on May 7, (2009). Retrieved August 1. https://web.archive.org/web/(2009).0507030602/https://www.loc.gov/rr/frd/Mi

litary_Law/pdf/11-(2003).pdf.

Boyden J. and Mann, G. Children’s Risk, Resilience, and Coping in

Extreme Situations, Handbook for Working with Children and

Youth: Pathways to Resilience across Cultures and Contexts ( Ed:

M. Ungar). Pathways to Resiliency, London: Sage.

Bozkurt, E. Özcan, M. ve Köktaş, A. (2011). Avrupa Birliği Hukuku (5.

Baskı). Ankara: Asil Yayın Dağıtım.

Bozkurt, E. (2003). Türkiye’nin Uluslararası Hukuk Mevzuatı, Nobel

Yayın Dağıtım.

Bozkurt, E. (2007). Uluslararası Hukukta Kuvvet Kullanımı (3. Baskı).

Ankara: Asil Yayınları.

Bumin, K. (1983). Batıda Devlet ve Çocuk, İstanbul: Patika Yayıncılık.

Cassese, A. (2001). International Law, New York, Oxford University

Press.

Cassese, A. (2010). The Character of the Violated Obligation, (Ed:

Crawford J. Pellet A. and Oleson S). The Law of International

Resposibility, Oxford University Press.

Cassese, A. (2003). International Criminal Law, New York: Oxford

University Press.

Clausewitz, K.V. (1992). “What is War?”, Robert L. Pfaltzgraff, Jr, ed.

Politics and International System, 2nd ed. Washington,D.C. Gippinkoff Company.

ULUSLARARASI HUKUKTA İNSAN TİCARETİ SUÇUNUN

SİLAHLI ÇATIŞMALARDA ÇOCUKLAR AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

310

Crawford, J. (2002). The International Law Commissions Articles on

State Responsibility, Cambridge University Press, PC 329.

Çağıran, M.E, (2006). Uluslararası Alanda İnsan Hakları, Ankara: Platin Yayınları.

Çelebi, A. (2008). Devlet, Toprak, Egemenlik: Carl Schmitt’in Düşüncesinde Siyasal Kavramı ve Kurucu İktidar Sorunu, Ankara: İmaj

Kitabevi.

Çelikel, A. Ve Gelgel G.Ö. (2014). Yabancılar Hukuku (20 Baskı). İstanbul: Beta Yayınları.

Dailey, A.C. “Children’s Constitutional Rights”, Minnesota Law Review, No. 95.

Dijk, P. Van of Hoof, F. Van Rijn, A. Zwaak, L. (2006). Theory and

Practice of the European Convention on Human Rights, OUP,

Antwerpen.

Dolu, O. (2012). Suç Teorileri (4. Baskı). Ankara: Seçkin Yayınevi.

Dutertre D. (2003). AİHM Kararları Örnekler, Almanya: Avrupa Konseyi Yayınları.

Engle, L.B. (2004). The World in Motion, Short Essays on Migration

and Gender, Geneva: International Organization for Migration.

Ertuğrul, Ü.E. (2017). Uluslararası Silahlı Çatışmalar Hukukunda Bireysel Statüler, Ankara: Yetkin Yayınları.

Falk, L. Lenz, J. Okuma, P. (2004). Sleepless in Gulu: A study of the

Dynamics behind the Child Night Commuting Phenomena in

Gulu, Uganda, SCIU, Kampala.

Feyzioğlu, F.N. (1976). Borçlar Hukuku Genel Hükümler (2. Baskı).

İstanbul: Fakülteler Matbaası.

Franck, M.T.1989, “Porfirio’s Preposition: The Role of Legitimacy and

Exculpation in Combating Terrorism” in International Law in a

KAYNAKÇA

311

Time of Perplexity”, Y. Dinste in, Ed: Kluwer Academic Puplishers, Dortrecht.

Gaja, (1989). “Obligations Erga Omnes, International Crimes and Jus

cogens: A Tentative Analysis of Three Related Concepts”, International Crimes of State A Critical Analysis of the ILC’s Draft

Article 19 on State Responsibilitiy, (Ed: Josaph H.H. Weiler, Antonio, Cassese, Marina, Spinedi, Walter de Gruyter).

Galatasaray Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Yayınları’nın 1949 Cenevre

Sözleşmeler çevirisi 12 Ağustos 1949 Tarihli Cenevre Sözleşmeleri ve Ek Protokolleri. İstanbul: Galatasaray Üniversitesi Hukuk

Fakültesi Yayınları, Temmuz (2009). No: 42.

Gemalmaz, M.S. (2002). Çocuk ve Genç Haklarına İlişkin Ulusalüstü

Belgeler (Bölgesel Sistemler). İstanbul: İstanbul Barosu Yayınları.

Gemalmaz, M.S. (2010). Devlet, Birey ve Özgürlük, İstanbul: Legal Yayıncılık.

Gemalmaz, M.S. (2012). Uluslarüstü İnsan Hakları Hukukunun Genel

Teorisine Giriş, İstanbul: Legal Yayınları.

Gözübüyük, Ş. ve Polat, A. (1959). Devletlerarası Ceza Hukuku, Ankara: Türk Hukuk Kurumu Yayınları.

Greenwood, C.J. “Historical Development and Legal Basis”, Edt. Dieter, Fleck, The Handbook of Humanitarian Law in Armed Conflicts, New York: Oxford University Press Inc.

Grotius, H. (2011). Savaş ve Barış Hukuku (Çev. Seha L. Meray). İstanbul: Say Yayınları.

Gürkan, Ü. (1974). “Evlat Edinme ve Beslemelerin Hukukî Durumu”,

Türk Hukuku ve Toplumu Üzerine İncelemeler, (Ed: Adnan Güriz, Peter Benedict). Ankara: Sevinç Matbaası.

ULUSLARARASI HUKUKTA İNSAN TİCARETİ SUÇUNUN

SİLAHLI ÇATIŞMALARDA ÇOCUKLAR AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

312

Gürkan, Ü. (1995). Kişilik Kavramının Evrimi, Ankara: AÜHF Yayınları.

Güriz, A. (1963). Faydacı Teoriye Göre Ahlak ve Hukuk, Ankara Üniversitesi Yayınları, Ankara: Ajans-Türk Matbaası.

Hampson, F.J. (2008). “The Relationship Between International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights Law from the Perspective of a

Human Rights Treaty Body”,International Review of the Red

Cross 90, no. 871.

Hart, J. Boyden, J. Berry, J.D. Feeny, T. “Children Affected by Armed

Conflict in South Asia: A Riview of Trends and Issues İdentified

Through Secondary Research” in G. Reyes, GA. Jacobs (ED).

Handbook of International Disaster Psychology: İnterventions

with Special Needs Populations.

Hasgüler, M. ve Uludağ M.B (2004). Devletlerarası ve Hükümetler

Dışı Uluslararası Örgütler, Ankara: Nobel.

Hatemi, H. ve Oğuztürk, B.K. (2014). Kişiler Hukuku (5. Bası). İstanbul: Vedat Kitapçılık.

Hoogh, A. (1997). Obligations Erga Omnes and International Crimes:

A Theoretical Inqury into the İmplementation and Enforcemant

of the International Resposibility of States, London: Kluwer Law

International.

Human Rights Watch. (2008). ‘Coercion and Intimidation of Child Soldiers to Participate in Violence’ https://www.hrw.org/

en/news/(2008)./04/16/coercion-and-intimidation-child-soldiersparticipate-violence.

Humphries, J. (2010). Childhood and Child Labour in the British Industrial Revolution, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Ingram, D.B. (2019). Hukuk Felsefesi (Çev: Ezgi Su Dağabak). Ankara:

Ayrıntı Basımevi.

KAYNAKÇA

313

ICRC (ed). (2009). Interpretative Guidance on the Notion of Direct Participation in Hostilities under International Humanitarian Law.

İnan A.N. (1968). Çocuk Hukuku, İstanbul: Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim

Fakültesi Yayınları.

Jennings, F. (1965). Nullity and Effectiveness in International Law,

Cambridge Essays in International Law.

Jessup, P. (1956). Transnational Law, New Haven: Yale University

Press.

Joyner, C.C. (2005). International Law in the 21st Century-Rules for

Global Governance, Rowman & Littlefield Publisher.

Kaboğlu, İ.Ö. (2002). Özgürlükler Hukuku, İnsan Haklarının Hukuksal

Yapısı, (Altıncı Baskı). Ankara: İmge Kitabevi.

Kaiser, T., Boyden, J. and Springett, S. (2002). ALNAP Global Study

on Consultation and Participation of Disaster- affected Populations, Country Monograph: The Case of Sri Lanka, Overseas Development Institute.

Kaldor, M. (2012). New and Old Wars: Organized violence in a Global

Era, London: Polity Press.

Kant, I. (1996). The Metaphysics of Morals (1797). (Trans: Mary Gregor). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Kapani, M. (1981). Kamu Hürriyetleri, ATATÜRK’ün 100. Doğum Yılına Armağanı (Yenilenmiş Altıncı Baskı). Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Yayınları.

Karol, V. (1974). “Roma Hukukunda Kölelik ve Serbest Meslekler”

(Çev: Bülent Tahiroğlu). İHFM, C. 40 1974.

Kaya, İ. (2005). Terörle Mücadele ve Uluslararası Hukuk, Ankara:

Usak Yayınları.

ULUSLARARASI HUKUKTA İNSAN TİCARETİ SUÇUNUN

SİLAHLI ÇATIŞMALARDA ÇOCUKLAR AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

314

Kelsen, H. (2007). General Theory of Law and State, Lawbook

Exchange.

Kolasi, K. (2017). “Savaşın Değişen Niteliği ve Jus ad bellum ve Jus in

bello’ya Etkisi” İnsan Hakları Yıllığı.

Kuçuradi, I. (2008). “İnsan Onuru Kavramı ve İnsan Hakları”, Demokrasinin Garantisi: İnsan Onuru ve İnsan Hakları, Ed. Ulrike Dufner, İstanbul: Sena Ofset.

La Haye, E. (2020). War Crimes in Internal Armed Conflicts, Cambridge/New York: Cambridge University Press.

Locke, J. (1980). Second Treatise of Government, Ed.C. B. Macpherson, Hackett Publishing Company, Inc. Indianapolis. Cambridge

Luban, D. (2004). “A Theory of Crimes Against Humanity” The

Yale Journal of International Law.

Locke, J. Some Thoughts Concerning Education, London,

MDCLXXIX,

Malay, M. (1990). Çağlar Boyu Kölelik, Ankara: Gündoğan.

Melda S. (2018). Uluslararası Hukukun Esasları (Gözden Geçirilmiş

12. Baskı). İstanbul: Beta Yayınları.

Mettraux,G. (2005). International Crimes and the Ad Hoc Tribunals,

New York: Oxford University Press.

Meray, S. (1968). Devletler Hukukuna Giriş, Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi Basımevi.

Minow, M. (2020). The Oxford Handbook of Children’s Rights Law,

Ed: Jonathan Todres, Shani M. King, Oxford University Press.

Nermark E. (2009). Interpreting the Palermo Protocol: Common State

Practice, Orebro University, School of Law, Independent thesis

Basic level, Psychology and Social Work.

KAYNAKÇA

315

Obokata, T. (2006). Trafficking of Human Beings From a Human

Rights Perspective, International Studies in Human Rights, Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.

Odman, M.T. ve Odman, L. (2021). Örselenen Çocuklar Çocuğun Aile

İçi İstismarı ve İhmali, Ankara: Yetkin Yayınları.

Oğuzman, M.K. ve Seçili, Ö (1982). Kişiler Hukuku Dersleri Gerçek

ve Tüzel Kişiler, İstanbul: Filiz Kitabevi.

Orakhelashvili, A. (2006). Peremptory Norms in International Law,

New York: Oxford University Press.

Ortaylı, İ, (2002). Osmanlı Toplumunda Aile (Beşinci Baskı). İstanbul:

Pan Yayıncılık.

Öktem, E. (2011). Terörizm, İnsancıl Hukuk ve İnsan Hakları (İkinci

Baskı). İstanbul: Derin Yayınları.

Parliamentary Form Vienna, 12 February (2008). The Appropriate Legal Responses To Combating Trafficking in Personsa Handbook

for Parliamentarians DRAFT-SUMMAR. https://archive.ipu.org/splz-e/vienna08/handbook.pdf.

Pazarcı, H. (2014). Uluslararası Hukuk Dersleri (Gözden Geçirilmiş

12. Baskı). Ankara: Turhan Kitabevi.

Pazarcı, H. (1997). “Uluslararası Hukukta Jus Cogens Kavramı”, Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Yayınları.

Postman, N. (1985). Çocukluğun Yokoluşu (Çev: Kemal İnal). Ankara:

İmge Kitabevi.

Brett, R. and Specht, I. (2004). Young Soldiers: Why They Choose to

Fight, Lynne Rienner Publishers, Geneva: International Labour

Office.

Ragazzi,M. (1997). The Concepts of International Obligations Erga

Omnes, NEW York: Oxford University. Press.

ULUSLARARASI HUKUKTA İNSAN TİCARETİ SUÇUNUN

SİLAHLI ÇATIŞMALARDA ÇOCUKLAR AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

316

Rousseau, J.J. (2016). Emile ya da Eğitim Üzerine, Yason Yayıncılık.

Rousseau, J. J. (2016). Toplum Sözleşmesi ya da Siyaset Hukuku İlkeleri

(Çev: İsmail Yerguz). (3. Baskı). Ankara: Say Yayınları.

Sencer, M. (1998). Belgelerle İnsan Hakları (1. Baskı). İstanbul.

Serozan, R. (1993). Aile Hukuku, İstanbul: Filiz Kitabevi.

Serozan, R. (2013). Medeni Hukuk Genel Bölüm / Kişiler Hukuku, (4.

Bası). İstanbul: Vedat Kitapçılık.

Serozan, R. (2005). Çocuk Hukuku, (İkinci Baskı). İstanbul: Vedat Kitapçılık.

Schabas, W.A. (2014). The International Criminal Court: A Commentary on the Rome Statute, New York: Oxford University Press.

Schabas, W.A. (2015). The European Convention on Human Rights, A

Commentary, New York: Oxford University Press.

Schlesinger P. (1995). Medya, Devlet ve Ulus, Siyasal Şiddet ve Kollektif Şiddet (Çev: Mehmet Küçük). İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yayınları.

Schmitt, M.N. (2004). U.S. Security Strategies: A Legal Assessment,

27, Harv. J.L. & Pub. Pol’y.

Shaw, M.N. (2018). Uluslararası Hukuk (Çev: Kaya, İ., Acer, Y., Demirtepe M.T. ve Şimşek, G.E.). (8. Baskı). TÜBA Yayınları.

Smith, R.K.M. (2003). Textbook on International Human Rights (1st

Ed). Black Stone Press.

Soyaslan, D. (2012). Ceza Hukuku Genel Hükümler, (4. Baskı). Ankara: Yetkin Yayınları.

Soysal, İ. (2000). Tarihçeleri ve Açıklamaları ile Birlikte Türkiye’nin

Siyasal Andlaşmaları I-II, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu.

Sur, M. (2018). Uluslararası Hukukun Esasları (Gözden Geçirilmiş 12.

Baskı. İstanbul: Beta Yayınları.

KAYNAKÇA

317

Şahin, C. (1994). Sanığın Kolluk Tarafından Sorgulanması, Ankara:

Yetkin Yayınları.

Şenel, M. ve Şenel, A.T. (1995). Gerilla ve Gerillaya Karşı Koyma,

Ankara: İDB Yayınları.

Tahiroğlu, B. ve Erdoğmuş, B. (2014). Roma Hukuku Dersleri (10. Basım). İstanbul: Der Yayınları.

Tanilli, S. (2007). Devlet ve Demokrasi Anayasa Hukukuna Giriş, İstanbul: Alkım Yayınevi.

Tanör, B. (1978). Anayasa Hukukunda Sosyal Haklar, İstanbul: May

Yayınları.

Taşdemir, F. (2006). Uluslararası Terörizme Karşı Devletlerin Kuvvete

Başvurma Yetkisi, Ankara: Uluslararası Stratejik Araştırmalar

Kurumu.

Temmerman, E. (2001). Aboke Girls: Children Abducted in Northern

Uganda, Kampala: Fountain Publishers.

Tezcan, D., Erdem, M.R., Sancaktar, O., ve Önok, M.R. (2016). İnsan

Hakları El Kitabı, Ankara: Seçkin Yayınevi.

Tezcan, D. (2000). Uluslararası Suçlar ve Uluslararası Ceza Divanı,

Hukuk Kurultayı, cilt 1, Ankara: Ankara Barosu Yayınları.

Tiburcio C. (2001). The Human Rights of Aliens under International

and Comparative Law, Pague.

Tiefenbrunn, S.W. (2007). Child Soldiers, Slavery and the Trafficking

of Children, TJSL Legal Studies Research Paper No. 1020341.

Triffterer, O. (2016). The Rome Statute of the International Criminal

Court, A Commentary Third Edition, ed: Triffterer/ Ambos.

Umur Z. (1990). Roma Hukuku (2.Baskı). İstanbul: Beta Yayınları.

Uygun, O. (2000). İnsan Hakları Kuramı, İnsan Hakları, Ed: Korkut

Tankuter, İstanbul: Cogito Yapı Kredi Yayınları.

ULUSLARARASI HUKUKTA İNSAN TİCARETİ SUÇUNUN

SİLAHLI ÇATIŞMALARDA ÇOCUKLAR AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

318

Usta, S. (2012). Çocuk Hakları ve Velayet, İstanbul: Levha Yayınları,.

Ümit, E. (2007). Mekandan İmkana: Çocuk Suçluluğunun Habitusu

Ceza Ehliyet İlişkisi, Ankara: Ankara Barosu.

Vandewiele, T. (2006). A Commentary on the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, Optional Protocol The Involvement of Children in Armed Conflicts, Leiden-Boston, Martinus

Nijhoff Publishers.

Vasques J.A. (2015). Savaş Bulmacası (Çev. Haluk Özdemir). İstanbul:

Uluslararası İlişkiler Kütüphanesi.

Weiss M. Hassan, H. (2016). IŞİD, Terör Ordusunun İç Yüzü (Çev:

Emine Arzu Kayhan). İstanbul: Kırmızı Yayınları.

Woodhouse, T., Miall, H., Ramsbotham, O. and Mitchell, C. The Contemporary Conflict Resolution Reader.

Yamaner, M.B. (2007). Silahlı Çatışmalarda Sivillerin Korunması, İstanbul: Arıkan Basım Yayın Dağıtım Ltd. Şti.

Yearbook of the International Law Commission 1963, vol.II, UN Publication, No. 63.V.2.

Yenidünya, A.C. (2007). İnsan Ticareti Suçu, Ankara: Turhan Kitabevi.

Yenisey, F. 1988, Milletlerarası Ceza Hukuku: Ceza Yargılarının Milletlerarası Değeri ve Mevzuatı, İstanbul: Beta Yayınları.

Zhang, S.X. Pinada, S.L. (2008). “Corruption as A Casual Factor in

Human Trafficking”, Organized Crime – Culture, Markets and

Policies, Editors: Dana Siegel- Hans Helen, Studies of Organized

Crime, Springer, New York.

18 May 1904 International Agreement for the Suppression of the White

Slave Traffic; Global Alliance Against Traffic in Women, Human

Rights and Trafficking in Person: A Handbook, Bangkok, (2000).

KAYNAKÇA

319

MAKALELER

Aghatise, E. (2004). Trafficking for Prostitution in Italy, Possible Effects of Government Proposals for Legalization of Brothers. Violence Against Women, 10(10).

Allain, J. A Legal Consideration Slavery in Light of the Travaux Préparatoires of the 1926 Convention. The Law and Slavery: Prohibiting Human Exploitation. Chapter: 17, Publisher: Martinus Nijhoff,

Allain, J. (2010). Rantsev v Cyprus and Russia: The European Court of

Human Rights and Trafficking as Slavery. Human Rights Law

Review, 10(3).

Allain, J. (2007). The Definition of ‘Slavery’ in General International

Law and the Crime of Enslavement within the Rome Statute. Guest Lecture Series of the Office of the Prosecutor, The Hague,

Allain J. Hickey, R. (2012). Property and Definition of Slavery. International and Comparative Law Quarterly. 61(4).

Alpkaya, G. (1997). Nükleer Silahlar ve Uluslararası Adalet Divanı.

Dergipark. 52(01). 106-115. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/36338.

Allot, P. (1992). Reconstituting Humanity- New International Law.

EJIL. 3.

Arslan, Ç. (2004). İnsan Ticareti Suçu (TCK Md. 201/b). Ankara Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi. C:53.

Aries, P. (1962). Centuries of Childhood: A Social History of Family

Life, Trns. Robert Baldrick, Alfred A. Knopf, New York.

Atak, İ. and Simon, J.C. Human (2015). Trafficking Mopping the legal

Boundaries of Justice”, Journal of International Criminal Justice,

12(5).

ULUSLARARASI HUKUKTA İNSAN TİCARETİ SUÇUNUN

SİLAHLI ÇATIŞMALARDA ÇOCUKLAR AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

320

Baines, E. (2008). Complex Political Perpetrators; Reflections on Dominic Ongwen. Journal Of Modern Africans Studies. 47.

Bales K. Robbins P.T. (2001). No One Shall Be Held in Slavery or Servitude: A Critical Analysis of International Slavery, Agreements

and Concepts of Slavery. Human Rights Review.

Barboza, J. (1999). International Criminal Law, Collected Courses of

the Hague. Academy of International Law (278).

Bassiouni, M.C. (1991). Enslavement as an International Crime. New

York University Journal of International Law. 23.

Bassiouni, M.C. (1996). International Crimes: “Jus Cogens” and “Obligations Erga Omnes”, Law and Contemporary Problems. 59(4).

Bassiouni, M.C. (1983). The Penal Characteristies of Conventional International Criminal Law Case. Western Research Journal Of International Law. 15.

Bassiouni, M.C. (1996). International Friends, “Jus Cogens” and Application Ergo Omnes. Law and Contemporary Problems 59(4).

Bauman, Z. (2001). Wars of the Globalisation Era. European Journal

of Social Theory, 4(1).

Berki, Ş. (1957). Roma’da Aile Hukuku. Ankara Üniversitesi Hukuk

Fakültesi Dergisi. 14(1).

Brunch, E.M. (2004). Models Wanted: The Search for an Effective Response to Human Trafficking. Law Faculty Publication. Stanford

Journal of International Law at 40 STAN. J. INT’L L. 1.

Boyden, J. (2003). The Moral Development of Child Soldiers: What Do

Adults Have To Fear?. Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace

Psychology. 9(4).

Bozkurt, G. (1981). Eski Hukuk Sistemlerinde Kölelik. Ankara Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi. 38(1). dergiler.ankara.edu.tr/dergiler/38/304/2862.pdf

KAYNAKÇA

321

Bueren, G.V. (1994). Child Sexual Abuse And Exploitation: A Suggested Human Rights Approach. The International Journal of Children’s Rights. 2.

Bueren, G.V, (1998). The International Law on the Rights of the Child.

Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, The Hague, Boston, London.

Byers, M. (1997). Conceptualising the Relationship Between Jus Cogens and Erga Omnes Rules. Nordic Journal of International

Law, Kluwer Law International. 66.

Cassese, A. (1981). The Status of Rebels under the 1977 Geneva Protocol on Non-International Armed Conflicts. The International

and Comparative Law Quarterly. 30 (2).

Cassese, A. (2000). The Martens Clause: Half a Loaf or Simply Pie in

the Sky. European Journal of International Law. 11(1).

Chomsky N. (1994). Violence and Youth: Noam Chomsky interviewed

by Pepi Leistyna and Stephen Sherblom. Harvard Educational

Review. 65. https://chomsky.info/1994____02/

Clark, S.R. (1990). Crimes Aganist Humanity at Nurenberg. Nurenberg

Trigland International Law. Ed. George Ginsburgs, W. N. Kudriavtsev, Dordreeht Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.

Cohen, C.P. (1993). Developing Jurisprudence of the Rights of the

Child Saint Thomas Law Review. 6(1)

Coontz, P. and Griebel, C. (2004). International Approaches to Human

Trafficking: The Call for a Gender/Sensitive Perpective in International Law. Women’s Health Journal. 4.

Crane, A. (2012). Modern Slavery as a Management Practive: Exploring The Conditions and Copabilities for Human Explotions. Academy of Management Review. 38(1).

ULUSLARARASI HUKUKTA İNSAN TİCARETİ SUÇUNUN

SİLAHLI ÇATIŞMALARDA ÇOCUKLAR AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

322

Crawford, J., Peel, J. and Olleson, S. (2001). The ILC’s Articles on

Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts:

Completion of the Second Reading. EJIL, 12(5).

Cullen, H. (2006). Siliadin, France: Positive Obligations under Article

4 of the European Convention on Human Rights. Human Rights

Law Review. 6(3).

Davis, M. (2007). Awol Military Justice. L.A. Times.,10(15). supra

note.

Değirmenci, O. (2006). Mukayeseli Hukukta ve Türk Hukukunda İnsan

Ticareti Suçu. TOBB 67(272). 57-95. https://tbbdergisi.barobirlik.org.tr/m2006-67-272

Detrick, S. (1999). Commentary on the United Nations Convention on

the Rights of Child. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.

Dingwall R., Eekelaar, J. and M. Murray, (1984). Childhood as a Social

Problem: A Survey of the History of Legal Regulation. Journal

of Law and Society. II(2).

Duma L. (2003). Wounded Childhood: The Use of Children in Armed

Conflict in Central Africa. Department of Labor of the United

States of America. 52-55, https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_emp/---emp_ent/---ifp_crisis/documents/Publication/wcms_116566.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 06.08.202

Duymaz, E. (2013). Modern Kölelik, Avrupa Konseyi Hukukunda Kölelik, Kulluk ve Zorla Çalıştırma Yasakları Üzerine Bir İnceleme.

Legal Hukuk Dergisi. 123. 67-104.

Eekelaar, J. (1986). The Emergence of Children’s Rights. Oxford Journal of Legal Studies. 6(2).

Eekelaar, J. (1994). The Interests of the Child and the Child’s Wishes.

The Role of Dynamic Self Determinism. International Journal of

Law, Policy and the Family. 8(1).

KAYNAKÇA

323

Engin, Z.Ö.Ü. (2014). Birey Kavramının Gelişimi ve İnsan Hakları. İstanbul Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Mecmuası. 72(1).

Eren, S. (2017). Roma Hukukunda Köle Mülkiyetinin Sınırları. MÜHFHAD. 23(3) https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/articlefile/469341

Ertuğrul, Ü.E. (2017). Silahlı Çatışmadan Kaçanların (Yerinden Edilenlerin). Uluslararası Hukukta Korunması. Ankara Barosu Dergisi. 2017(1). https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/articlefile/441816.

Eviatar, D. (2009). Military Lawyer Claims U.S. Paid Gitmo Prosecution Witnesses. WASH. INDEP. https://washingtonindependent.com/53655/gitmodetainee-claims-u-s-paidprosecution-witnesses.

Fediamin, V.Y. (1988). Terrorism: A Search for a Comman Definition.

Mos JIL. 4(1).

Feinberg, J. (1980). The Nature and Value of Rights. Ed: Joel Feinberg,

Rights, Justice and the Bounds of Liberty: Essays in Social Philosophy. Princeton University Press.

Field, K. Fighting Trafficking in the United States in. The CQ Researcher. 14(12).

Fionda, M. (2001). Legal Concepts of Childhood. Hart Publishing

Oxford and Portland, Oregon.

Fitzpatrick, J. (2003). Trafficking as a Human Rights Violation: The

Complex Intersection of Legal Frameworks for Conceptualizing

and Combating Trafficking. Michigan Journal of International

Law MJIL 24(4).

Frakt, D.J.R. (2011). Mohammed Jawad And The Military Commissions Of Guantanamo. Duke Law Journal. 60. 1367-1411.

ULUSLARARASI HUKUKTA İNSAN TİCARETİ SUÇUNUN

SİLAHLI ÇATIŞMALARDA ÇOCUKLAR AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

324

Frakt, D.J.R. (2009).Closing Argument at Guantanamo: The Torture of

Mohammed Jawad. HARV. HUM. RTS. J. 22

Freeman, M.D.A. (1997). The Moral Status of Children’s Essays on the

Rights of the Child, Martinus Nijhoff Puplisher.

Gallagher, A. (2001). Human Rights and the new UN protocols on Trafficking and migrant smuggling: a preliminary analysis. Human

rights quarterly, 23(4).

Gerber, H. (1989). Anthropology and Family History: The Ottoman and

Turkish Families. Journal of Family History. 14(4).

Gittelsohn, J. (2003). U.S. Sends Strong Message to Those Who Traffic

in Human Lives. An Electronic Journal of the US Department of

State, 8(2).

Goldman R.K. and Tittemore, B.D. (2002). Unprivileged Combatants

and the Hostilities in Afghanistan: Their Status and Rights Under

International. Humanitarian and Human Rights Law. 4.

https://www.asil.org/taskforce/goldman.pdf.

Goodey, J. (2008). Human Trafficking: Sketchy Data and Policy Responses. Criminology and Criminal Justice. 8(4).

Hakeri, H. (2004). “Göçmen Kaçakçılığı ve İnsan Ticareti Suçları”,

KhuKA, Yıl: 7

Habermas, J. (2010).The Concept of Human Dignity and the Realistic

Utopia of Human Rights. Metaphilosophy. 41(4).

Harris, DJ., O’Boyle M. and Warbrick, C. (1995). Law of the European

Convention on Human Rights.

Hathaway, J.C. (2008). The Human Rights Quagmire of ‘Human Trafficking. University of Michigan Law School. 49(1). https://repository.law.umich.edu/articles/296.

Henckarerts J.M. Beck, L.D. (2009). Customary International Humanitarian Law. Cambridge University Press. I(17). and APII etc.

KAYNAKÇA

325

Hendricks, M.R. (2003). Modern Slavery and the Production of Consumer Goods in a Global Economy: Consumer Choice-Not Law--

Will Trigger the Next Diaspora. 20 T.M. Cooley L. Rev.

Hossain, M. and Zimmerman, C. (2016). Sex Trafficking and Sexual

Exploitation in Settings Affected by Armed Conflicts in Africa,

Asia and the Middle East: Systematic Review. BMC International

Health and Human Rights.

Hurtado, M., Dosdad, A.I. and Hernandez, S.G. (2017). The Relationship between Human Trafficking and Child Recruitment in the Colombian Armed Conflict. Third World Quarterly. 179.

Janis, M.W. (1987-1988).The Nature of Jus cogens. Connecticut Journal of International Law. 3.

Jinks, D. (2004). The Declining Significance of POW Status. Harv. Int’l

L. J. 45.

Karadeniz, Ö. (1968). Roma Hukukunda “Peculium” Müessesesi, Ankara Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi. 25(3).

https://dspace.ankara.edu.tr/xmlui/handle/20.500.12575/48067.

Karan U. (2018). Kölelik, Kulluk, Zorla Çalıştırma ve Zorunlu Çalışma

Yasağı: Anayasa ve Avrupa İnsan Hakları Sözleşmesi Bağlamında Karşılaştırmalı Analiz. Ankara Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi. 67 (2).

Keskin, F. (1997). Silahlı Çatışmalar Hukukunun B.M. Kuvvetlerine

Uygulanması. SBF Dergisi. 52 (1).

King, M.L. (2007). Concepts of Childhood: What We Know and Where

We Might Go?. Renaissance Quarterly. 60(2).

Kirchner, S. and Frese, V.M. (2015). Slavery Under The European Convention on Human Rights and The Jus Cogens Prohibition of Human Trafficking. Denning Law Journal. 27.

ULUSLARARASI HUKUKTA İNSAN TİCARETİ SUÇUNUN

SİLAHLI ÇATIŞMALARDA ÇOCUKLAR AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

326

Koca M. (2003). İnsan Yağması (Sömürüsü). Suçu (TCK. m. 201/b).

AÜHFD. 52(2).

Kocasakal, Ü. (2003). İnsan Ticareti Suçu (TCK 201/b). Galatasaray

Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi. 53(4). 20-83.

Konstantinov, E. (1988). International Terrorism and International

Law. GYIL. 34.

Köktaş, A. (2000). Avrupa Birliğinde Polis ve Yargısal İş Birliği Alanında Ortaya Çıkan Gelişmeler. Polis Bilimleri Dergisi, 2(5-6).

https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=OJ%3AL%3A(2003).%3A079%3ATOC.

Leventhal, Z. (2005). Focus on the Article 4 of the ECHR. Jud. Review.

10.

Lindsey, D. and Sarri, R. (1992). Editorial Commentary: What Hillary

Rodham Clinton Really Said About Children’s Rights and Child

Policy. Children’s Youth Services Review. 14.

Macsi, D. (2004). Human Trafficking and Slavery. The CQ Researcher.

14(12). https://library.cqpress.com.

Malesevic, S. (2010). The Sociology of War and Violence. Cambridge

University.

Mahiroğulları, A. (2005). Endüstri Devrimi Sonrasında Emeğin İstismarını Belgeleyen İki Eser: Germinal ve Dokumacılar. Sosyoloji

Konferansları. 0(32,41). https://www.acarindex.com/pdfler/acarindex-4430-1210.pdf.

Mantouvalou, V. (2012). The Many Faces of Slavery: The Example of

Domestic Work. Global Dialogue.

Manty, M.L. (2006). Kant’s Children. Forthcoming in Social Theory &

Practice. 32(3).

Margolin, C. R. (1978). Salvation versus Liberation: The Movement for

Children’s Rights in a Historical Context. Social Problems. 2(4).

KAYNAKÇA

327

Martinez J.S. (2004). Hamdi v. Rumsfeld. 124 S.Ct. 2633. Ed. by David

D. Caron. The American Journal of International Law. 98 (4).

Mause, L.D, (1974). The History of Childhood. Psychohistory Press.

Mehdi, A.M. Omar Khadr’s Legal Odyssey: The Erasure of Child Soldier as A Legal Category. GA.J. INT’L & COMP. L. 46.

Mill, J.S. (1851). On Liberty, John W. Parker and Son. West Satrand,

London.

Miller, J.R. (2006). Slavery Trade Combating Human Trafficking.

Harward International Review.

Minow, M. (1986). Rights for the Next Generation: A Feminist Approach to Children’s Rights. Harward Women’s Law Journal. 9.

Nanda V. Bassiouni, C. (1971). Slavery and the Slave Trade: Steps

Toward Eradication. Santa Clara Lawyer. 12.

Nardinelli, C. (1980). Child Labor and the Factory Acts. The Journal of

Economic History. 40(4).

Newman, E. (2004).The ‘New Wars’ Debate: A Historical Perspective

is Needed. Security Dialogue. 35 (2).

Obokata, T. (2003). EU Council Framework Decision on Combating

Trafficking in Human Beings: A Critical Appraisal. Common

Market Law Review. 40.

Özçelik, A.S. (1951). Feodalitenin İçtimai Mahiyeti, Menşei, Avrupa’nın Siyasi ve Medeni İnkişafındaki Rolü. İÜHFM. 17.

Özbek, N. (2002). Osmanlı’dan Günümüze Türkiye’de Sosyal Devlet.

Toplum ve Bilim Dergisi. 92.

Pellet, A. (1999). Can a state Commit a Crime Definitely, Yes!. EJIL.

10(2).

ULUSLARARASI HUKUKTA İNSAN TİCARETİ SUÇUNUN

SİLAHLI ÇATIŞMALARDA ÇOCUKLAR AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

328

Peter, K.B. and Robbins, T. (2001). No One Shall Be Held in Slavery

or Servitude”: A Critical Analysis of International Slavery, Agreements and Concepts of Slavery. Human Rights Review.

Pham, P.N, Vinck P. and Stover, E. (2008). The Lord’s Resistance

Army and Forced Conscription in Northern Uganda. Human

Rights Quarterly. 30.

Piotrowicz, R. (2009). The Legal Nature of Trafficking in Human Beings. Intercultural Human Rights Law Review. 4.

Pruncnal, M, (2012). Who is a Child? The International Definition of a

Child. Ed: Farhad Malekian- Kerstin Nordlöf, The Sovereignty of

Children in Law, Cambridge Scholars Publishing.

Quirk, J. (2007). Trafficked into Slavery. Human Rights. 6.

Rassam, A.Y. (1999). Contemporary Forms of Slavery and the Evolution of the Pro- hibition of Slavery and the Slave Trade Under

Customary International Law. Virginia Journal of International

Law. 39.

Redman, R.C. (1994). The League of Nations and the Right to be Free

from Enslavement: the First Human Right to be Recognized as

Customary International Law. Chicago-Kent Law Review. 70.

Rogers, C. M, and Wrightsman, L.S. (1978). Attitudes Toward Children’s Rights. Nurturance or Self-determination?. Journal of Social Issues. 34(2).

Schapiro, T. (2003). Childhood and Personhood. Arizona Law Review.

45.

Schapiro, T. (1999). What is a Child?. Ethics. 109(4).

Schwarzenberger, G. (1965). International Jus Cogens ?. Texas Law Review. 43.

Sherman, C. P, (1914). The Romanization of English Law. The Yale

Law Journal. 23(4).

KAYNAKÇA

329

Siller, N. (2016). Modern Slavery, Does International Law Distinguish

Between Slavery, Enslavement an Trafficking?. Journal of International Criminal Justice, 14.

Simma B. and Paulus, A.L. (1998). The International Community: Facing the Challenge of Globalizations. EJIL. 9.

Simma, B. (1994). From Bilateralism to Community Interest. 250 RdC.

Simma, B. (2009). Universality of International Law From the Perspective of a Practitioner. The European Journal of International Law.

20(2).

Simma, B. (1995). The Contribution of Alfred Verdross to the Theory

of International Law. EJIL. 6.

Singer, P.W. (2001). Caution: Children at War. Parameters. 2001(02).

40-56

Smart U. (2003). Human Trafficking; Simply a Eropean Problem?. European Journal of Crime, Criminal Law and Criminal Justice.

11(2).

Sorensen, G. (2001). Changes in Statehood: The Transformation Of International Relations, New York: Palgrave. Aktaran; Klevis Kolasi, “Savaşın Değişen Niteliği ve Jus ad bellum ve Jus in bello’ya

Etkisi”.

Stearns, P.N. (2009). Child Labor in the Industrial Revolution. The

World of Child Labor: An Historical and Regional Survey. Ed:

Hugh D. Hindman, ME Sharpe, New York – London.

Stoyanova,V. (2012). Dancing on the Borders of Article 4, Human

Trafficking and the European Court of Human Rights in the Rantsev Case. Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights, Volume.

30(2).

Tilly, C. Coercion, Capital, and European States, AD 990-1990.

Blackwell Publisher. 990.

ULUSLARARASI HUKUKTA İNSAN TİCARETİ SUÇUNUN

SİLAHLI ÇATIŞMALARDA ÇOCUKLAR AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

330

Tessier, K. (1996). The New Slave Trade: The International Crisis of

Immigrant Smuggling. Indiana Journal of Global Studies. 13.

Tezcan, D., Erdem, M.R. ve Önok M. (2003). The Protections Project,

“Trafficking in Persons or Alien Smuggling?”, John Hopkins

University School of Advanced International Studies, in Global

Issues: Responses to Human Trafficking. Electronic Journal of

the Department of State, 8(2).

The Cenova Protocols of 1977 on the Humanitarian Law of Armed

Conflict and Customary International Law. Pacific Basin Law Journal,

Ünsal A. (1996). Genişletilmiş Bir Şiddet Tipolojisi. Cogita Dergisi, 6-7.

Wilson, A. (1980). The Infancy of The History of Childhood: An Appraisal of Philippe Aries. History and Theory. 19(2).

Watson, A. (1983). Roman Slave Law and Romanist Ideology. Phoenix. 37(1). https://www.jstor.org/stable/1087314.

Worthington, A. (2007). The Afghan teenager put forward for trial by

Military Commission at Guantanamo. Andy Worthington Global

Arshive. https://www.andyworthington.co.uk/2007/10/17/theafghan-teenager-put-forward-for-trial-by-military-Commissionat-guantanamo/.

Wyler, E. (2002). From’State Crime’ to Responsibility for ‘Serious

Breaches of Obligations under Peremptory Norms of General International Law. European Journal of International Law. 13(5).

Vermeulen, G. (2001). Interternational Trafficking in women and children General Report. Revue Internationale de Droit Pénal. 72.

Yazıcı, N. (1974). Osmanlılarda Yetimlerin Korunması Üzerine BazıDeğerlendirmeler. Ankara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi. XLVIII(1).

KAYNAKÇA

331

Yenidünya, A.C. ve Alşahin, M.E. (2009). Göçmen Kaçakçılığı Suçu.

TBB Dergisi. 82.

Yudof, M.G. (1978). The Dilemma of Children’s Autonomy. Policy

Analysis. 2(3).

SÖZLÜKLER

Adomeit, K. (2011). Latince Hukuk Terimleri Sözlüğü. (2. Baskı). Ankara: Seçkin Yayınları.

Cornell University Law School Legal Dictionary. Legal Information

Institute. https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/jus_cogens.

İngilizce-Türkçe Redhouse Sözlüğü. (1995). İstanbul: Redhouse Yayınevi.

Kollektif Eser (1991). Colins Concise Dictionary and Thesaurus, The

Authority on Current English, Harper Collins Publishers.

Mehmet Selahi Bey. (1910). Kamusu Osmani. https://osmani.cagdassozluk.com.

Şafak, A. (1992). Hukuk Terimleri Sözlüğü. Ankara: Rehber Yayıncılık.

TEZLER ve BİLDİRİLER

Algan, M. (2020). Anayasa Hukukunda Çocuk Hakları. Doktora Tezi.

Ankara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Kamu Hukuku

Anabilim Dalı, Ankara.

Asimakopoulos, A. (2010). Justice and Accountability: Complex Political Perpetrators Abducted as Children by the LRA in Northern

Uganda, Utrecht University, Ultrech/Holland

Bush, G.W. (2002). Remarks at the White House Conference on Missing, Exploited, and Runaway Children, https://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases.

ULUSLARARASI HUKUKTA İNSAN TİCARETİ SUÇUNUN

SİLAHLI ÇATIŞMALARDA ÇOCUKLAR AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

332

Cameron, J.M. (2004). Reframin Development? Human Trafficking

Prevention in Thailand Cambodia. Master of Arts, Carleton University, Ottawa/Canada.

Ertuğrul, Ü.E. (2011). Uluslararası Hukukun Emredici Normlarından

Doğan Yükümlülük İhlallerinden Devletin Sorumluluğu. Doktora

Tezi. Gazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Kamu Hukuku

Anabilim Dalı Kamu Hukuku Bilim Dalı, Ankara.

Klueber, S.A. (2003). Trafficking Human Beings: Law Enforcement

Response. Academic Thesis. Master of Science of University of

Louisville, Kentucky.

Staberock, G. (2003). “The Palermo Protocol: Protocol to Prevent,

Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons Especially Transnational Organized Crime and Other Relevant Instruments” Criminal Law Reform to Combat and Prevent Trafficking in Human

Beings in South Eastern Europe, Lara Regional Seminar, Zagreb.

ANDLAŞMALAR

BM Çocuk Haklarına Dair Sözleşmeye Ek Çocuk Satışı Çocuk Fahişeliği ve Çocuk Pornografisi ile İlgili İhtiyari Protokol, UNICEF.

C029 Forced Labour Convention, 1930 (No.29) 1930

https://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:121

00:0::NO::P12100_ILO_CODE:C029#:~:text=C029%20%2D%

20Forced%20Labour%20Convention%2C%(2019)30%20(No.,-

29)&text=The%20original%20text%20of%20the,and%20Articles%203%20to%2024

Commentary of Protocol 1, Article 77 https://ihldatabases.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/Comment.xsp?action=openDocument&documentId=8E174BC1926F72FAC12563CD00436C73.

Commentary of Protocol 2, Article 4. Protocol Additional to the Geneva

Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of

KAYNAKÇA

333

Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), 8

June 1977, Commentary of 1987, Fundamental Guarantees.

https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/Comment.xsp?action=openDocument&documentId=5CBB47A6753A2B77C12563CD0043A10B

Convention for the Supression of the Traffic in Persons and of he Exploitation of the Prostitution of Others. (New York Sözleşmesi)

New York Sözleşmesi https://treaties.un.org/doc/Treaties/1951/07/19510725%(2010)-42%20PM/Ch_VII_11_b

_bp.pdf

Convention for the Collective Protection of Individual Rights and Democratic Liberties by the State Observance of the Convention,

Doc. INF/5/E/R, I TP 296-303, art.I(c).

Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, ETS 155, Protocol No:11 Art 2(2).

Convention (I) for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded

and Sick in Armed Forces in theField, Geneva, 12 August 1949,

www.icrc.org/IHL

Convention (II) for the Amelioration of the Condition of Wounded,

Sick and Shipwrecked Members of Armed Forces at Sea, Geneva,

12 August 1949.

Convention (III) relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, Geneva,

12 August 1949 www.icrc.org/IHL

Convention (IV) relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time

of War, Geneva, 12 August 1949 www.icrc.org/IHL

Convention for the Suppression of the Traffic in Persons and of the

Exploitation of the Prostitution of Others https://treaties.un.org/PAGES/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=VII-11-a&chapter=7&clang=_en.

ULUSLARARASI HUKUKTA İNSAN TİCARETİ SUÇUNUN

SİLAHLI ÇATIŞMALARDA ÇOCUKLAR AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

334

CHARTE 4473/00 CONVENT 49.

Council of Europe Convention on Action against Trafficking in Human

Beings”. https://www.coe.int/t/dghl/monitoring/Trafficking/

Docs/Convntn/CETS197_en.asp#TopOfPage.

ÇHS/K/GY/8/(2006).

ÇHS/K/GY/10 25 Nisan (2007).

Detention, Treatment, and Trial of Certain Non-Citizens in the War

Against Terrorism, 66 Fed. Reg. 57,833 (Nov. 16, (2001)

Draft Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union Text of the

explanations relating to the complete text of the Charter as set out

in CHARTE 4487/00 CONVENT 50. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/charter/pdf/04473_en.pdf

General Comment No.24: Issues Relating to Reservations Made upon

Ratification or Accession to the Covenant or the Optinal Protocols Thereto, or in Relation to Declarations under Article 41 of

the Covenant, Fifth-second Session, 04.11.(1994).,

CCPR/C/21/Rev.1/Add.6, General Comment No. 24.

https://www.refworld.org/docid/453883fc11.html

Human Trafficking: An Overview, United Nations Office on Drugs and

Crime, UN Global Initiative to Fight Human Trafficking, New

York, (2008).

International Agreement for the suppression of the “White Slave Traffic” Paris, 18 May 1904. https://treaties.un.org/doc/Treaties/1920/09/19(2009)07%(2006)-00%20AM/Ch_VII_8p.pdf

International Convention for the Suppression of the Traffic in Women

and Children. Geneva,

International Convention for the Suppression of the White Slave Traffic, Paris, 4 May 1910. https://treaties.un.org/doc/Treaties/1888/01/18880101%(2006)-01%20AM/Ch_VII_10p.pdf

KAYNAKÇA

335

International Convention for the Suppression of the Traffic in Women

and Children, concluded at Geneva on 30 September 1921, as

amended by the Protocol signed at Lake Success, New York, on

12 November 1947. https://treaties.un.org/doc/Treaties/1950/04/19500424%(2010)-31%20PM/Ch_VII_2p.pdf

International Convention for the Suppression of the Traffic in Woman

of Full Age, 1 October 1933.

International Convention for the Suppression of the Traffic in Women

of Full Age. Geneva, 11 October 1933. https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=VII-5&chapter=7&clang=_en

International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights

https://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/cescr.aspx

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

https://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/ccpr.aspx

International Labour Organization (ILO) Convention concerning Forced or Compulsory Labour (No. 29) of 28 June 1930;

League of Nations, Convention to Suppress the Slave Trade and Slavery, 25 September 1926, 60 LNTS 253. Registered No. 1414

(Slavery Convention): UN General Assembly, Protocol to Prevent. Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons Especially Women and Children, Supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime. 15 November

(2000) (Palermo Protocol): Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (1998) 2187 UNTS 90, entered into force 1 July

(2012), at Art. 7 (ICCSt.).

Legislative Guides for the Implementation of the United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime and the Protocols Thereto, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Division for Treaty Affairs, New York, (2004).

ULUSLARARASI HUKUKTA İNSAN TİCARETİ SUÇUNUN

SİLAHLI ÇATIŞMALARDA ÇOCUKLAR AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

336

Legislative Guide for the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish

Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, Supplementing the United Nations Convention Against Transnational

Organized Crime, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime Vienna, United Nations Vienna, (2020)

Military Commissions Act of (2006). 17 October (2006), Public Law

109-366, 120 Stat. 2602. § 948a.1.(A).(i).

https://www.loc.gov/rr/frd/Military_Law/pdf/PL-109-366.pdf

Modern Slavery Act (2015), UK Public General Acts(2015) c.

30PART, 6Section 54 https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/(2015)/30/section/54/enacted

Nurenberg Şartı https://www.un.org/en/genocideprevention/documents/atrocity-crimes/Doc.2_Charter%20of%20IMT%(2019)45.pdf

Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Convention on the

Rights of the Child, Artc: 1, 20.11.1989,

https://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/crc.aspx

Principles and Guidelines on Children Associated With Armed Forces

or Armed Groups, https://www.unicef.org/emerg/files/ParisPrinciples310107English

Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations

Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, New York,

15 November (2000). https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=IND&mtdsg_no=XVIII-12-a&chapter=18&lang=en.

Public Law 106-386- OCT. 28, (2000), Trafficking Victims Protection

Act, Sec. 102, Purposes and Findings.

Pekin Deklarasyonunun ve Eylem Platformunun tam metni için bkz.

Report of the Fourth World Conference on Women, Beijing 4-15

KAYNAKÇA

337

September (1995), United Nations, New York, (1996), United

Nations publication Sales No. 96.IV.13.

https://treaties.un.org/doc/Treaties/1953/12/19531207%(2000)-

20%20AM/Ch_XVIII_1p.pdf

Sözleşmenin 7 Aralık 1953 tarihli Protokol ile değişik Fransızca ve İngilizce metni https://treaties.un.org/doc/Treaties/1955/07/

19550707%(2000)-53%20AM/Ch_XVIII_2p.pdf

Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery, the Slave

Trade and Institutions and Practices Similar to Slavery, Adapted

by Conference of Plenipotentiaries Convened by Economic and

Social Council Resolution 608(XXI) of April 1956 and done at

Geneva on 7 September 1956, Entry into Force: 30 April 1957, in

Accordance with Article 13, Section I Article 1

Slavery Convention, Geneva on 25 September 1926.

https://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/slaveryconvention.aspx.

The African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child, Artc: 2,

https://www.unicef.org/esaro/African_Charter_articles_in_full.pdf

The International Bill of Human Rights. https://www.ohchr.org/EN/

ProfessionalInterest/Pages/UniversalHumanRightsInstruments.aspx.

The Emancipation Proclamation January 1, 1863. https://www.nps.

gov/museum/tMC /Antietam/Lesson3/The%20Emancipation%20Proclamation%20text%20copy.pdf

UNICEF, Convention on the Rights of the Child, https://www.unicef.org/child-rights-convention?p=printme

UNICEF, The Paris Principles. Principles and Guidelines on Children

Associated With Armed Forces or Armed Groups, February

ULUSLARARASI HUKUKTA İNSAN TİCARETİ SUÇUNUN

SİLAHLI ÇATIŞMALARDA ÇOCUKLAR AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

338

(2007) https://www.unicef.org/protection/files/ParisPrinciples310107English.pdf

UNICEF, Convention on the Rights of the Child, https://www.unicef.org/crc/index_protecting.html?p=printime

https://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=NORMLE

XPUB:12100:0::NO::P12100_ILO_CODE:C182

30 September 1921. https://treaties.un.org/PAGES/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=VII-3&chapter=7&clang=_en.

BM, AB, UHK ve MAHKEME KARARLARI, GENEL

YORUMLAR

Amendments to Articles 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, and 9 of the Committee’s Preliminary Draft Proposal by the Expert of the United Kingdom, Doc.

CM/WP 1(50), 2, A915, III TP 280-9,

ABD Yargı Butler v Perry, 240 US 328, 240 US 332

ABD Yargı Clyatt v United States, 197 US 207.

A/CONF.39/11. https://undocs.org/en/A/CONF.39/11.

A/CN.4/SERA/1963/Add.1.

Ad Hoc Committee on Slavery, Development of Article 4 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, United Nations document

E/AC.33/5.

Avrupa Konseyinin Rec(2002)5 sayılı Tavsiye Kararı

Avrupa Konseyi Bakanlar Komitesinin, Cinsel İstismar Amacıyla İnsan

Ticaretine Karşı Eylem Hakkında R(2000)11 sayılı Tavsiye Kararı A4-0326/95,

Barcelona Traction, Light and Power Co. (Belg. v. Spain), 1970 I.C.J.

3, 32 (Feb. 5)

KAYNAKÇA

339

Başkasının Fuhşunun Sömürülmesi ve İnsan Ticaretine İlişkin 14 Nisan

1989 tarihli EU-OJ C 120,

BMGK’nun 55/25 sayılı Kararı https://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN /N00/560/89/PDF/N0056089.

Birleşmiş Milletler Güvenlik Konseyinin 827S/RES/827 (1993) Sayılı ve

25 Mayıs (1993) Tarihli Kararı Eski Yugoslavya ile ilgili Uluslararası Ceza Mahkemesi (International Criminal Tribunal for the

Former Yugoslavia-ICTFY) Kurulmuştur. United National Security Council, Distr GENERAL, S/RES/827 (1993) 25 May (1993),

Birleşmiş Milletler Çocuk Haklarına Dair Sözleşme ve İhtiyari Protokoller, Usul Kuralları ile Çocuk Hakları Komitesi Genel Yorumları.

Bonov.c Davası, icty.org/x/cases/bonovic/regdec/en/030912.pdf.

Boumediene v. Bush, 553 U.S. 723,(2008), Supreme Court of the United States. No: 06-1195 and 06-1196, 12 June (2008).

Case of Siliadin v. France, App.No:73316/01.

Celebici Davası Temyiz Dairesi kararı, www.un.org/icty/celebici/apperal/judgement/cel-aj010220.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 25 Ekim (2020).

Charter of fundamental rights of the European Union, EU-OJ C 364,

18.12.(2000), https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/ALL/?uri=OJ%3AC%3A(2000)%3A364%3ATOC.

C.N. v United Kingdom, No: 4239/08, 13 November (2012),

C.N. and V. v France, No:67724/09, 11 October (2012);

Combatant Status Review Tribunals. (Purpose, History and Procedural

Protections of CSRTs). 26 September (2006). https://archive.defense.gov/news/Oct(2006)/d(2006)1017CSRT.pdf.

Combatant Status Review Tribunals. (Purpose, History and Procedural

Protections of CSRTs). 26 September (2006). https://archive.defense.gov/news/Oct(2006)/d(2006)1017CSRT.pdf.

ULUSLARARASI HUKUKTA İNSAN TİCARETİ SUÇUNUN

SİLAHLI ÇATIŞMALARDA ÇOCUKLAR AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

340

Commission Regulation (EC) No 531/(2003) of 25 March (2003)

amending Regulation (EC) No 2375/(2002) opening and providing for the administration of a Community tariff quota for common wheat of a quality other than high quality from third countries and derogating from Council Regulation (EC) No 1766/92,

https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:(2003):079:0003:0004:EN:PDF.

COM. (2000) 854 https://europa.eu.int/eurlex/en /com/dat/(2000)/en

500PC0854_01.html.

Control Council Law No:10, December 20, 1945, 3 Official Gazzette

Control Council for Germany 1946.

Convention for the Suppression of the Traffic in Persons and of the

Exploitation of the Prostitution of Others of 2 December 1949.

Convention relating to the Status of Refugees of 28 July 1951 and its

Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees.

Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against

Women of 18 December 1979.

Convention on the Rights of the Child of 20 November 1989;

Council of Europe Convention on Action against Trafficking in Human

Beings,(2005),

Council of Europe, Parliamentary Assembly, Recommendation

1065(1987) on the Traffic in Children and Other Forms of Child

Exploitation. Tavsiye Kararı https://assembly.coe.int/main.asp

?Link=/documents/adoptedtext/ta87/erec1065.htm

Council of Europe, Recommendation No. R (91)11 of the Committee

of Ministers to Member States Concerning Sexual Exploitation,

Pronography and Prostitution of, and Trafficking in, Children and

KAYNAKÇA

341

Young Adults. Tavsiye Karar https://wcd. coe.int/com.instranet.InstraServlet?command=com.instranet.CmdBlobGet&InstranetImage=572467&Sec Mode=1&DocId=597998&Usage=2.

Council of Europe, Parliamentary Assembly, Resolution 1099 (1996)

on the Sexual Exploitation of Children. https://assembly.coe.int/

main.asp?Link=/ documents/adoptedtext/ta96/eres1099.htm

Council of Europe, Parliamentary Assembly, Recommendation

1325(1997) on Traffic in Women and Forced Prostitution in Council of Europe Member States. Tavsiye Kararı https://assembly.coe.int//main.asp?link=https://assembly.coe.int/documents/adoptedtext/TA97/EREC1325. HTM

Council of Europe, Recommendation No. R (2000)11 of the Committee

of Ministers to Member States on Action against Trafficking in

Human Beings for the Purpose of Sexual Exploitation. Tavsiye

Kararı https://wcd.coe.int/ViewDoc.jsp?id=355371&Site=CM&

BackColorInternet=C3C3C3&BackColorIntranet=EDB021&

BackColorLogged=F5D383.

Council of Europe Parliamentary Assembly, Recommendation no.

1523(2001) on Domestic Slavery. Tavsiye Kararı https://assembly.coe.int/ Main.asp?link=/Documents/AdoptedText/ta01/

EREC1523.htm.

Council of Europe Committee of Ministers on Trafficking in Persons

for Sexual Exploitation Recommendation R (2000) 11 of 19 May

(2000) on Counter Action. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?reference=P5-TA-(2000)-0248&type=TA&language=EN&redirect.

Council Resolution of 20 October (2003) on initiatives to combat trafficking in human beings, in particular women (2003)/C 260/03)

EU-OJ C 260, 29.10.(2003). https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=OJ:C:(2003):260:FULL&from=ET.

ULUSLARARASI HUKUKTA İNSAN TİCARETİ SUÇUNUN

SİLAHLI ÇATIŞMALARDA ÇOCUKLAR AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

342

Council of the European Union Directive (2004)/81/EC of 29 April

(2004) on the residence permit issued to thirdcountry nationals

who are victims of trafficking in human beings or who have been

the subject of an action to facilitate illegal immigration, who cooperate with the competent authorities, EU-OJ L 261,

6.08.(2004). https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=LEGISSUM:l33187.

Çocuk Hakları Komitesi, (2011), Çocuğun Şiddetin Hiçbir Türüne Maruz Kalmaması Hakkı, Genel Yorum, No:13, ÇHS/C/GY/13. 28

Nisan (2011).

Çocuk Hakları Komitesi Genel Yorum, No:14, Çocuğun Yüksek Yararı

Hakkının Öncelikli Olarak Dikkate Alınması, ÇHS/GY/14, 29

Mayıs (2013).

Draft Charter Of Fundamental Rights Of The European Union Brussels,

11 October (2000) (18.10)

Dominic Ongwen & Thomas Kwoyelo, At The International Criminal

Court & Uganda International Crimes Division https://www.ijmonitor.org/category/lra-trials/.

Erdemoviç Davası için bknz. www.un.org./icty/blaskic/trialc1/judgement/bla-tj000303e.pdf, (dn.52), Prag. (6(i),

E/CN.4/(2006)/58, 13 January (2006), Principle 7.

E / CN.4 / Sub.2 / AC.2 / (1999)/6

E / CN.4 / Sub.2 / (2000)/3

EU-OJ C 032,

EU-OJC341E,16 December (2010), VOL:53.

EU OJ L 63, 24.02.(1997)

EU-JO L 203, 01.08.(2002). https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=OJ:L:(2002):203:FULL&from=EN.

KAYNAKÇA

343

EU-OJ L 261, 6.08.(2004). https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:(2004):261:0015:0018:en:PDF.

EU-OJ L 101/1 15.4.(2011), Directive (2011)/36/Eu Of The European

Parliament And Of The Council of 5 April (2011) on preventing

and combating Trafficking in human beings and protecting its

victims, and replacing Council Framework Decision

(2002)/629/JHA, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX:3(2011)L0036.

EU-OJ L 322, 12.12.(1996),.https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/972d3fab-df54-4268-9a63-e972fe394404/language-en.

EU-OJ L 322, 12.12.(1996). https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A3(1996)F0700&qid=1616163211345.

EU-OJ L 277, 20.10.(2007), p, 27- 30. COMMİSSİON DECISION of

4 April (2007) on State aid N 575/04 implemented by France for

Ernault and measure C 32/05 (ex N 250/05), thesubject of proceedings under Article 88(2) of the EC Treaty, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:(2007):277:0025:0028:EN:PDF.

EU-OJ L 79, 26.3.(2003).

European Parliament Reoslution on Preventing Trafficking in Human

Beings, (P7-TA(2010)0018), EUOJ C 341E, 16.12.(2010).

Human Rights Committee, General Comment No. 24, United Nations

document, HRI/GEN/1/Rev.5.

ILO Convention concerning the Prohibition and Immediate Action for

the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labour of 17 June

(1999);

ULUSLARARASI HUKUKTA İNSAN TİCARETİ SUÇUNUN

SİLAHLI ÇATIŞMALARDA ÇOCUKLAR AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

344

ICJ, Barcelona Traction, Light and Power Co. Ltd. (Belgium v. Spain)

Judgement 5. February 1970.

ICTY, Prosecutor v Dragoljub Kunarac, Radomir Kovac, Zoran Vukovic, Trial Chamber, https://www.icty.org/x/case/kurarac/ind/en/kur-iii991108e.pdf.

ICTY, Prosecutor v. Drogoljub Kunarac, Radomir Kovac and Zoran

Vukovic Appeals Chamber, 12 June (2002).

Kadınların Ticaretine İlişkin 16 Eylül (1993) tarihli Kararlar EU-OJ C

268

Legality of the Threat or Use of Nuclear Weapons, Advisory Opinion,

I.C.J. Reports (1996).

Military and Paramilitary Activities in and against Nicaragua (Nicaragua v. United States of America), Jurisdiction and Admissibility,

Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 1984.

Mubang v. US. CC No:DKC 03-0539, United States District Court, D.

Maryland, 9 August (2011).

Mohammed Jawad, Human Rights First, https://www.humanrightsfirst.org/our-work/law-and-security/military-Commissions/cases/mohammedjawad.

Observations of Legal Representatives of V01 Victims of 8 September

(2017), ICC-01/04-01/06-3359-tENG.

Official Journal of the European Union, C 311, Volume 48, 9 December

(2005), EU-OJ C 31, 09.12.(2005). https://eurlex.europa.eu/legalcontent/EN/TXT/?uri=OJ:C:(2005):311:TOC.

Official Journal of the European Communities, ISSN 0378-6978, L

328, Volume 45, 5 December (2002), EU-OJ L 328, 5.12.(2002).

https://eurlex.europa.eu/legalcontent/EN/TXT/?uri=OJ:L:(2002):328:TOC.

KAYNAKÇA

345

Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the

sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography of 25

May (2000)

(OR. fr) CHARTE 4473/00 CONVENT 49. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/charter/pdf/04473_en.pdf.

Prosecutor v. Tadiç, Case No. IT-94-1, Decision on the Defence Motion

for Interlocutory Appeal on Jurisdiction, 2 October (1995).

www.icty.org/x/cases/tadic/acdec/en/51002.htm.

Prosecutor v. Kunarac et al., IT-96-23-T and IT-96-23/1-T, 22 February

(2001).

Prosecutor v. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo ICC-01/04-01/06

https://www.icc-cpi.int/CaseInformationSheets/LubangaEng.pdf.

Prosecutor v. Thomas Lubanga DYILO, No.: ICC-01/04-01/06, Date:

21 December (2017), CR(2018)_03560.PDF.https://www.icccpi.int/CourtRecords/CR(2018)_03560.PDF..

Prosecutor v. Bosco Ntaganda (Case Information Sheet). Case No:

ICC-01/04-02/06. October (2018). https://www.icc-cpi.int/CourtRecords/CR(2018)_05189.PDF

Prosecutor v. Krnojelac, IT-97-25-T, 15 March (2002).

Prosecutor v. Kunarac, IT-96-23 and IT-96-23/1-A, 12 June (2002).

Prosecutor v. Kunarac, IT-96-23 and IT-96-23/1-A, 12 June (2002).

Prosecutor v. Tadic, No. IT-94-1-A, Judgement, Appeals Chamber, 15

July (1999).

Prosecutor v. Dusko Tadic, Judgement, 15 July (1999).

https://www.icty.org/x/cases/tadic/acjug/en/tad-aj990715e.pdf

Prosecutor-Dusko Tadic a/k/a “DULE”, 2 Oct. (1995).

ULUSLARARASI HUKUKTA İNSAN TİCARETİ SUÇUNUN

SİLAHLI ÇATIŞMALARDA ÇOCUKLAR AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

346

Prosecutor v. Akayesu (Judgement), Case No: ICTR-96-4-T, 2 September (1998).

Prosecutor v. Ljube Boskoski and Johan Tarculovski (Judgement, Trial

Chamber II), ICTY, Case No: IT-04-82-T, 10 July (2008).

Prosecutor v.Tadic, IT-94-1-AR72, Decision on the Defence Motion

for Interlocutory Appeal, Appeals Chamber, 2 October (1995).

Prosecutor v. Blaskic, IT-95-14-T, Judgement, Trial Chamber, 3 March

(2000).

Prosecutor v. Tadic (Decision Decision on the Defence Motion for Interlocutory Appeal on Jurisdiction), Case No: IT-94-1, 2 October

(1995).

Prosecutor v. Kunarac (Trial Judgment) IT-96-23 (22 February (2001)

Tom Obokata, Trafficking of Human Beings as a Crime Against

Humanity: Some Implications for the International Legal System

54 International and Comparative Law Quarterly, (2005).

Rantsev v Cyprus and Russia No 7196/10 29 November (2011)

Rantsev v Cyprus and Russia No: 25965/04, ECHR (2010);

Rantsev v Cyprus and Russia, No: 25965/04, ECHR (2010);

Rasul v. Bush, 542 U.S.466, 124 Supreme Court of the United States.

No: 03-334, 28 June (2004).

Recommendation Rec(2001)16 on the protection of children against

sexual exploitation. Bakanlar Komitesinin 31 Ekim (2001) tarihli

771. Sayılı Tavsiye Kararı https://www.coe.int/t/dg2/Trafficking/campaign/Source/PDF_Rec(2001)16_E.pdf.

Recommendation 1663 (2004) on Domestic slavery: servitude, au pairs

and “mail-order brides”. Parlementerler Meclisinin 22 Haziran

(2004) tarihli 19.Sayılı Tavsiye Kararı https://assembly.coe.int/Documents/AdoptedText/ta04/EREC1663.htm.

KAYNAKÇA

347

Report of the Ad Hoc Committee on the Elaboration of a Convention

against Transnational OrganizedCrime on the work of its first to

eleventh sessions, UN General Assembly 55th Session, Agenda

Item 105, UN Doc. A/55/383 (2000). https://www.un.org/ga/ search/view doc.asp?symbol=A%2F55%2F383&Lang=E

Repatriation of Omar Khadr to be Tried Under Canadian Law: An

Overview of the Case Against Omar Khadr and the Prospect of

Canadian Criminal Jurisdiction (Brief Submitted to Canadian Senate Standing Committee on Human Rights). Ottowa. 2-3.

https://aix1.uottawa.ca/%7Ecforcese/other/khadrrepatriation.pdf.

Siliadin v France, No 73316/01 EHCR (2005)-VII

Siliadin v France, 26.07.(2005), No 731316/01.

Siliadin v France, No: 73316/01,EHCR (2005)-VII,

Siliadin v France, aynı yönde Kuranac Davası.

Stummer v Austria [GC], No:37452/02, ECHR (2011)

The United States of America v. Omar Khadr: Pre-Trial Observation

Report.

Trial International, Thomas Lubanga Dyilo, https://trialinternational.org/latestpost/thomas-lubanga-dyilo/.

UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, Guıdelınes Regardıng Inıtıal

Reports To Be Submıtted By States Partıes Under Artıcle 8 (1) of

The Optıonal Protocol to the Conventıon on the Rıghts of the

Chıld on the Involvement of Chıldren in Armed Conflıct, Adopted by the Committee at its 736th meeting (twenty-eighth session)

on 3 October 2001, CRC/OP/AC/1, 14 November 2001,

https://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/crc/docs/crc.c.opac.2_en.pdf

U.N. Doc. A/AC.254/4/Add.3/Rev.7 (2000), sup. No, 14.

ULUSLARARASI HUKUKTA İNSAN TİCARETİ SUÇUNUN

SİLAHLI ÇATIŞMALARDA ÇOCUKLAR AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

348

U.N. General Assembly Security Council Resolution of Sept. 12,

(2001), (S/RES/1368).

UN Human Rights Committee (HRC), CCPR. General Comment

No:24, Issues Relating to Rezervetions Made Upon Rotification

or Accession to the Covenant or the Optional to Declarations under Article 41 of the Covenant, Nowember (1994),

CCPR/C/21/Rev.1/Add.6, https://www.refworld.org/docid/453883fcll.html.

UN High Comm’r for Human Rights, Abolishing Slavery and its Contemporary Forms, 62, U.N. Doc. HR/PUB/02/4 (2002) [hereinafter Abolishing Slavery] (prepared by David Weissbrodt & AntiSlavery International)

UNGA, United Nations Rules for the Protection of Juveniles Deprived

of Their Liberty, 45th Session, A/RES/45/113, 2 April 1991. article: 12, 18(b)(c), 38, 47.

United Nations Document A/AC.254/4/Add.3/Rev.6

United Nations ECONOMIC ANDSOCIAL COUNCIL, E/CN.VSR,

53, I4 June 1948. https://undocs.org/E/CN.4/SR.53

United States of America v. Omar Ahmed Khadr (Charges).

United States of America v. Omar Ahmed Khadr, Department of Defence Office of The Chief Prosecutor Office of Military Commisions (Charges). https://www.asser.nl/upload/documents/(2012)0820T103005-Khadr_Sworn_Charges.pdf.

United States of America v. Omar Ahmed Khadr, Case No: CMCR 07-

001.

United States Court of Military Commission Review, 24 September

(2007).

United States of America v. Omar Ahmed Khadr, CMCR 07-001, 12,

18, 25.

KAYNAKÇA

349

United States of America v. Omar Ahmed Khadr. (Defense Motion).

For Dismissal Due to Lack of Jurisdiction Under the MCA in Regard to Juvenile Crimes of a Child Soldier, 18 January (2008).

https://www.law.utoronto.ca/documents/Mackin/khadr_defencemotion_08-01-18.pdf.

United States of America v. Omar Ahmed Khadr (Charges).

United States v. Jawad, slip op. at 3 (Military Commissions Guantánamo Bay, Cuba Sept.24, (2008) (ruling on Defense Motion

to Dismiss—Lack of Subject Matter Jurisdiction (D-007),

https://www.defense.gov/news/d(2008)1104JawadD007Reconsider.pdf.

United States District Court For The District of Columbia, in Re: Guantanamo Bay Detainee Litigation, Misc. No. 08-442 (TFH), 05-

0763 (JDB), 05-1646 (JDB), 05-2378 (JDB), Responden Memorandum Regarding The Government’s Detention Authority Relative To Detainees Held At Guantanamo Bay, https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/1369994-march-13-(2009)-detentiondefinition.html.

U.S. Deparment of Defense, United States of America v. Omar Ahmed

Khadr. (Charges). https://archive.defense.gov/news/Nov(2005)/

d(2005)1104khadr.pdf.

Van Der Müssele v. Belçika.

Yargıtay 8. Ceza Dairesinin 15.06.(2009) tarihinde E. (2008)/19262, K.

(2009)/9026, T:15.06.(2009), YGK., C. 35, Eylül (2009).

96/700/JHA: Joint Action of 29 November (1996) adopted by the Council on the basis of Article K.3 of the Treaty on European Union,

establishing an incentive and exchange programme for persons

responsible for combating trade in human beings and the sexual

exploitation of children

ULUSLARARASI HUKUKTA İNSAN TİCARETİ SUÇUNUN

SİLAHLI ÇATIŞMALARDA ÇOCUKLAR AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

350

https://www.law.utoronto.ca/documents/ihrp/Khadr_-_Pre-Trial_Observation_Report_FINAL_March_(2009).pdf.

RAPORLAR

A/CN.4/SER.A/(2001).Add.1,(Part 2), Report of the Commission to the

General Assembly on the Work of its Fifty-Third Session, Yearbook of the International Law Commission, (2001), Vol.II, Part

2.. https://legal.un.org/ilc/publications/yearbooks/english/ilc_(2001)_v2_p2.pdf.

A/CN.4/63, Report on the Law of Treaties by Mr. H. Lauterpacht, Special Rapporteur, Law of Treaties, Extract from the Yearbook of

the International Law Commission, 1953,vol. II. https://legal.un.org/ilc/documentation/english/a_cn4_63.pdf.

A/RES/49/166 24 February (1995). https://undocs.org/en/A/RES/49/166.

Abolishing Slavery and its Contemporary Forms).

https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Publications/slaveryen.pdf.

American Non-Governmental Organizations Coalition for the International Criminal Court (AMICC), Deconstructing Lubanga, the

ICC’s First Case: The Trial and the Conviction of Thomas LubangaDyilo, (2012) https://docs.wixstatic.com/ugd/e13974

_ed1c75adfa0642b48dd3217ee699baf0.pdf.

Andy, Worthington, Torture Taints the Case of Guantánamo Prisoner

Mohamed Jawad, https://www.andyworthington.co.uk/

(2009)/01/16/torture-taints-the-case-of-guantanamo-prisonermohamed-jawad/.

Angelina Kortussch, (2001), “Reference Guide for Anti-Trafficking”

Legislative Review, With Particular Emphasis on South Eastern Europe, Ludwig Boltzman Institute of Human Rihgts.

KAYNAKÇA

351

Annuska Derks, (2000), Combatting Trafficking in South Asia, a Review of Policy and Programme, International Organization

for Migration, Switzerland.

Balladore Pallieri, “The Concept of “War” and the Concept of “Combatant” in Modern Conflicts”, General Report, Revue de Droit

Penal Militaire et de Droit de la Guerre X-1, 1971.

Barcelona Traction, Light and Power Co, Ltd. (Belgium v. Spain),

Judgment of 5 February 1971, I.C.J. Reports.

Benjamin Whitaker, Slavery: report updating the Report on Slavery

submitted to the Sub-Commission in 1966, United Nations Document, E/CN.4/Sub.2/1982/20/Rev.1, United Nations Publication

No. E.84.XIV.1 (1984).

Brian, Iselin, Melanie, Adams, (2003), “Distinguishing Between Human Trafficking and People Smuggling”, UN Office on Drugs

and Crime, www.ynode.un.or.th/material/document/distinguishing.pdf, https://www.embraceni.org/wp-content/uploads/(2006)/06/Distinguishing[1]1.pdf.

Case Concerning The Barcelona Traction, Light and Power Company,

Limited, (Belgium-Spain), Second Phase, ICJ,Judgment of 5 February 1970, Reports of Judgments, Advisory Opinions and Orders, N. 337. https://www.icj-cij.org/public/files/case-related/50/050-19700205-JUD-01-00-EN.pdfConsultative Assembly, 19 August 1949, I TP 38-154, Proposals by Mr. P.H.

Teitgen, Rapporteur, 29 August 1949, Doc. A 116, I TP 166-8;

Case Concerning the Application of the Convention on the Prevention

and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (Bosnia and Herzegovina- Yugoslavia), ICJ, Preliminary Objections, Judgment of

11 July (1996), Reports of the Judgments, Advisory Opinions and

Orders, (1996), No.680,. https://www.icj-cij.org/public/files/case-related/91/091-(1996)0711-JUD-01-00-EN.pdf.

ULUSLARARASI HUKUKTA İNSAN TİCARETİ SUÇUNUN

SİLAHLI ÇATIŞMALARDA ÇOCUKLAR AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

352

David Weissbrodt and Anti-Slavery, “International, Abolishing Slavery

and its Contemporary Farms”, United Nations High Comissioner

for Human Rights, HR/PUB/02/4, Forced Labor.

Dissenting Opinion of Judge Tanaka, https://www.icj-cij.org/public/files/case-related/47/047-19660718-JUD-01-06-EN.pdf

Draft Articles on Responsibility of States for İnternationally Wrongful

Acts with Commantaries, (2001), Yearbook of the İnternational

Law Commission, Vol, II, Part Two.

E/CN.4/Sub.2/(1999)/20 22 June (1999)

Ek Protokol Resmi Yorum Notlarında ve İnsan Ticaretine Karşı Eyleme

İlişkin Avrupa Konseyi Sözleşmesi Açıklayıcı Raporları

(https://www.coe.int/t/dghl/monitoring/Trafficking/Does/Convntn/CETS197en.asp#TopOfpage) Interpretative Notes for the

Official Records (Travaux Preparatories) of the Negotiation of

the United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organized

Crime and the Protocols Thereto, Report of the Ad Hac Committee on the Eleboration of a Convention against Transnational Organized Crime on the Work of its First to Eleventh, Sessions, 55

Session, Agenta Item 105.

Explantory Report to the Council of Europe Convention on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings. (CETS No-197). https://conventions.coe.int

Explanatory Report to the Council of Europe Convention on Action

against Trafficking in Human Beings, Warsaw, 16.V.(2005).

https://rm.coe.int/CoERMPublicCommonSearchServices/DisplayDCTMContent?documentId=09000016800d3812

Final Report on the Meaning of Armed Conflict in International Law,

International Law Association, The Hague Conference (2010).

https://www.rulac.org/assets/downloads/ILA_report_armed_conflict_(2010).pdf

KAYNAKÇA

353

First Report on the Effects of Armed Conflicts on Treaties by Mr. Ian

Brownlie.

Carmen G., (2000), Trafficking in women, Working paper, European Parliament Directorate-General for Research, Civil Liberties Series, LIBRE 109 EN, Brussels.

Gert Vermeulen (UGent), (2006), Annelies Balcaen (UGent), Andrea

Di Nicola and Andrea Cauduro, “The Siamsect files: standardised

templates and blueprint for EU-wide collection of statistical information and analysis on missing and sexually exploited children and Trafficking in human beings”, Institute for International Research on Criminal Policy Series, https://biblio.ugent.be/publication?text=HUMAN+TRAFFİCKİNG+(2006)

Global Report on Trafficking in Persons, UNODC, UN.GIFT, February

(2009), https://www.unodc.org/documents/Global_Report_on_TIP.pdf.

Graeme R. Newman, (2006), “The Exploitation of Trafficked Women”

US Department of Justice of Community Oriented Policing Services, Problem/Specific Guides Series No:38, USA.

Habeas Corpus on Behalf of Mohammed Jawad, para,10–11, Al Halmandy v. Bush, No. 05-cv-2385 (D.D.C. Jan. 13, (2009),

https://www.aclu.org/pdfs/natsec/amended_jawad_(2009)0113.pdf

Human Right Watch, Mohammed Jawad.9 August (2018)

https://www.hrw.org/news/(2012)/10/26/mohammed-jawad

Human Rights Watch, ‘Trail of death: LRA atrocities in Northeastern Congo’, (2010), https://www.hrw.org/en/reports/(2010)

/03/29/trail-death.

Human Rıghts Watch, (2007), Hidden Apartheid: Caste Discrimination Against India’s “Untouchables”.

ULUSLARARASI HUKUKTA İNSAN TİCARETİ SUÇUNUN

SİLAHLI ÇATIŞMALARDA ÇOCUKLAR AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

354

Human Right Wacht, Omar Khadr Case: A Teenager Improsoned at

Guantanamo. Number 1, JUNE, (2007), https://www.hrw.org/legacy/backgrounder/usa/us0607/us0607web.pdf

Human Trafficking: An Overview, United Nations Office on Drugs and

Crime, UN Global Initiative to Fight Human Trafficking, New

York, (2008), https://www.unodc.org/documents/human-trafficking/(2008)/HumanTrafficking-AnOverview.pdf.

ILO Global Report (2005), p. 5.

International Crisis Group. (2004). ‘Northern Uganda: Understanding

and Solving the Conflict, Africa Report no. 77, Nairobi/Brussels.

https://www.crisisgroup.org/africa/horn-africa/uganda/northernuganda-understanding-and-solving-conflict

Internally Displaced Camps in Lira and Pader, (2004) Northern

Uganda: A Baseline Survey, Preliminary Report, MSF-Holland, Uganda, November.

İnsan Ticaretine Karşı Eyleme İlişkin Avrupa Konseyi Sözleşmesi Hakkında Açıklayıcı Rapor.

J., B., J., Felter, (2007) “CTC Report: An Assesment of 516 Combatant

Status Review Tribunal (CSRT) Unclassified Summaries”, U.S.

Military Academy, Combating Terrorism Center, 25 July,

New York.

Krug E.G., Dahlberg L.L., Mercy J.A., Zwi A.B., Lozano R., (2002),

World Report on Violance and Health, World Health Organization, Geneva.

Machel, G. (1996), Impact of Armed Conflict on Children, Report of

the expert of the Secretary-General submitted pursuant to General

Assembly Resolution 48/157. UN Document A/51/306 and

Add.1., New York, United Nation.

KAYNAKÇA

355

M. Giorgio Gaja, Fifth Commission, Obligations and rights erga omnes

in international law Rapporteur: M. Giorgio Gaja Justitia Et Pace

Institut De Droit International Krakow Session (2005)

https://www.idi-iil.org/app/uploads/(2017)/06/(2005)_kra_01_

en.pdf.

Organized Crime Involvement in Trafficking in Persons and Smuggling

of Migrants, (2010), Issue Paper, UNODC, https://www.uno

dc.org/documents/humanTrafficking/FINAL_REPORT_0605(2010)_1.pdf

Paul Holmes, (2003), Trafficking in Persons Global Briefing, IOM Counter-Trafficking Law Enforcement Consultant, IOM CounterTrafficking Training, Washington, DC.

Plan of action against traffic in women (doc. EG (96) 2) by Ms Michèle

HIRSCH (Belgium).

Rafael Nieto-Navia, İnternational Peremptory Norms (Jus Cogens)

and International Humanitarian Law, https://www.icc

now.org/documents/WritingColombiaEng.pdf.

Report of the Experts Group on THB.

Report of the Fourth World Conference on Women.

Report On Slavery, by Mohamed A wad Special Rapporteur on Slavery,

United Nations, New York, 1966 U N. Publication I, S, No.:

67.XIV.2.

Report of the Working Group on Contemporary Forms of Slavery on

its twenty-third Session, United Nations, E / CN.4 / Sub.2 /

(1998)/14.

Report1 on traffic in women and forced prostitution in Council of Europe member states (Rapporteur: Mrs Renate WOHLWEND,

Liechtenstein, Group of the European People’s Party), 26 March

(1997) Doc. 7785, ADOC7785. https://assembly.coe.int/

ULUSLARARASI HUKUKTA İNSAN TİCARETİ SUÇUNUN

SİLAHLI ÇATIŞMALARDA ÇOCUKLAR AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

356

nw/xml/XRef/X2H-Xref-ViewHTML.asp?FileID=7703&lang=en.

Report of the Committee on Equal Opportunities for Women and Men

on Domestic Slavery, Council of Europe, Parliamentary Assembly, Doc. 9102, 17 May (2001) https://assembly. coe.int/documents/workingdocs/doc01/edoc9102.htm

Report Presented by Mr. P.H. Teitgen, 5 September 1949, Doc. A290,

I TP 192-213.

Report of the Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs and International

Development Kevin Sorenson, M.P.,Chair Subcommittee on International Human Rights (June (2008). Omar Khadr: Report of

the Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs and International Development. House of Commons Canada, 39th Parliament, 2nd

Session, 4. https://www.ourcommons.ca/Content/Committee/392/FAAE/Reports/RP3572352/faaerp07/faaerp07-e.pdf.

Resolution of 6 June 1967, “Question of slavery and the slave trade in

all their practices and manifestations, including the slavery-like

practices of Apartheid and Colonialism”, Economic and Social

Council Official Records, Forty-Second Session, Resolutions,

Supplement No. 1, United Nations, New York, 1967.

Robert, Gersony, “The Anguish of Northern Uganda”, Report submitted to the US Embassy, Kampala and USAID Mission, Kampala, August (1997).

South West Africa (Liberia v. South Africa), Judgment of 18 July 1966

Second Phase, https://www.icj-cij.org/en/case/47/judgments.

The Impact of War on Children, London, (2001), Hurst&Company

The Impact of War on Children: A Review of Progress Since the

(1996) United Nations Report on the Impact of Armed Conflict on Children, (2003), March, New York, United Nations.

KAYNAKÇA

357

The Secretary-General’s Report on Children and Armed Conflict

Shows That Syria is Either the Worst or Amongst the Worst Countries Worldwide in Several Types of Violations [EN/AR], 22

Jul (2020).

The United States of America v. Omar Khadr: Pre-Trial Observation

Report, (2008), 8

The UN Working Group on Contemporary Forms of Slavery, EKOSOK, Sub-Comm’n on Promotion & Prot. of Humun Rights, Report of the Working Group on Contemporary Forms of Slavery

on its Twenty-Fifth Session, 21, U.N. Doc.

E/CN.4/Sub.2/(2000)/23 (July 21, (2000)

Thong Dam Truong, Maria Belen Angeles, “Searching for Best Practices to Counter Human Trafficking in Afrika: A Focus on Women

and Children”, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. March (2005).

Traffic in women and forced prostitution in Council of Europe member

states Recommendation 1325 (1997). https://assembly.coe.int/nw/xml/XRef/X2H-Xref-ViewHTML.asp?FileID=8401&lang=EN.

United Nations A/75/873–S/2021/437 General Assembly Security Council, 6 May 2021, Children and armed conflict Report of the

Secretary-General, 2/42.

United States of America v. Omar Ahmed Khadr. Amicus Curiae Brief,

filed by McKenzie Livingston on behalf of Sen. Robert Batinder,

18 January (2008), https://www.law.utoronto.ca/documents/Mackin/khadr_Amicus_Badinter.pdf.

UN Seurity Council, S/(2020)/1205, Children and armed conflict in South Sudan, Report of the Secretary-General, 14 December (2020).

https://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=S/(2020)/1205&Lang=E&Area=UNDOC

ULUSLARARASI HUKUKTA İNSAN TİCARETİ SUÇUNUN

SİLAHLI ÇATIŞMALARDA ÇOCUKLAR AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

358

UN.A/RES/54/263.

Van Droogenbroeck v Belgium Commissions Report of 9 July 1980,

Series B No: 44.

İNTERNET SAYFALARI

8. International Agreement for the Suppression of the “White Slave

Traffic”, Paris, 18 May 1904, https://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=VII-8&chapter=7&clang=_en.

AİHM madde 5 Rehberi [email protected],

Avrupa Birliği Temel Haklar Şartı europarl.europa.eu/charter/pdf/text_en.pdf.

Birleşmiş Milletler Çocuk Haklarına Dair Sözleşme https://www.unicef.org/turkey/media/7941/file/ÇHDS%20ve%20İhtiyari%20Protokoller,%20Usul%20Kuralları%20ile%20Çocuk%20Hakları%20Komitesi%20Genel%20Yorumları.pdf,

Colin Perkel, Omar Khadr Case, Published Online, July 30, (2015).

https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/omar-khadrcase

Convention on Consent to Mariage, Minimum Age for Marriage and

Registration of Mariages. https://www2.ochr.org/english/law/

convention.htm

Europal Basın Açıklaması, 11 Ocak (2010). https://www.europolevropa.eu/index.asp?page=news8news=pr110111.htm,

Europen Commission. Migration and Home Affairs. Together Against

Trafficking in Human Beings. https://ec.europa.eu/anti-trafficking/legislation-and-case-law-case-law/siliadin-v-france-application-no-7331601_en#:~:text=In%20the%20case%20of%20Siliadin,Rights%20for%20the%20first%20time.&text=However

KAYNAKÇA

359

%2C%20the%20Court%20held%20that,traditional%20sense%

20of%20that%20concept

HUDOC.https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#{“documentcollectionid2”:[“GRANDCHAMBER”,”CHAMBER”]}

International Labour Organization. C182 - Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999 (No.182) https://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:12100:0::NO::P12100_ILO_CODE:C182

Interpol Types of human trafficking. https://www.interpol.int/en/Crimes/Human-trafficking/Types-of-human-trafficking#pt-2

Justia. United States v. Kozminski, 487 U.S. 931 (1988). https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/487/931

Kölelik ve Köle Ticaretinin Önlenmesi Sözleşmesi. https://2ohchr.org

/english/law/slavery.html.

Kölelik, Köle Ticareti, Köleliğe Benzer Uygulama ve Geleneklerin Ortadan Kaldırılmasına Dair Ek Sözleşme. https://www5.tbmm.

gov.tr/tutanaklar/KANUNLAR_KARARLAR/kanuntbmmc047/kanuntbmmc047/kanuntbmmc04700361.pdf

Kölelik ve Köle Ticaretinin Önlenmesi Sözleşmesi. https://2ohchr.org

/english/law/slavery.html

Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Children and Armed Conflict. Sexual Violence against Children.

https://Childrenandarmedconflict.un.org/six-grave-violations/sexual-violence/

Report on Slavery. By Special Rapporteur on Slavery (Mohamed

Awad) https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/1327224?_x_tr_sl=en

&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=tr&_x_tr_pto=op,sc

South Sudan: Warring Parties Break Promises onChild Soldiers. UN,

AU Need to Impose Sanctions, Get Court Running.

ULUSLARARASI HUKUKTA İNSAN TİCARETİ SUÇUNUN

SİLAHLI ÇATIŞMALARDA ÇOCUKLAR AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

360

https://www.hrw.org/news/2018/02/05/south-sudan-warringparties-break-promises-child-soldiers

Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery, the Slave

Trade, and Institutions and Practices Similar to Slavery.

https://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/supplementaryconventionabolitionofslavery.aspx

Türk Dil Kurumu Türkçe Sözlük. https://sozluk.gov.tr

UAD Statüsü https://www.icj-cij.org/en/statute

United Nations, General Assembly, Security Council, A/75/873–

S/2021/437, 06 May 2021, Children and armed conflict. Report

of the Secretary-General. https://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=S/2021/437&Lang=E&Area=UNDOC

UNOCHA, https://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/AllDocsByUNID/c

1290f89727275fac1256e3c005956eb

Witness to Truth - Volume Three B (Chapter 4: Children and the Armed

Conflict in Sierra Leone) https://www.sierraleonetrc.org/index.php/view-the-final-report/download-table-of-contents/volume-three-b/item/witness-to-the-truth-volume-three-b-chapter4?category_id=14