Accession of The European Union to The European Convention on Human Rights

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ÖNSÖZ ...............................................................................................7

ÖZET ..................................................................................................9

ABSTRACT ........................................................................................10

RESUME ...........................................................................................11

TABLE OF CONTENTS .......................................................................13

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS..................................................................17

INTRODUCTION ......................................................................... 19

1. Autonomy of the European Union legal order...................... 23

1.1. Internal autonomy ............................................................23

1.2. External autonomy ...........................................................24

1.3. The principle of the autonomy in the treaties..................27

2. Accession of the European Union to the European

Convention: ........................................................................ 29

2.1. Legal framework ...............................................................29

2.2. Relationship between CJEU and ECtHR after the

accession:common aim but colliding demands ................30

2.3. Preservation of the autonomy of the EU legal order........33

2.3.1. Envisaged remedies...............................................34

2.3.1.1. Co-respondent mechanism.....................34

2.3.1.1.1. EU as co-respondent ..............37

14 Table of Contents

2.3.1.1.2. Member state(s) as co-

respondent(s)......................... 38

2.3.1.2. Prior involvement mechanism................ 41

2.3.1.3. Other ways of involving the CJEU ........... 47

3. Advisory Opinion Procedure (the protocol.no 16) under

European Convention of Human Rights................................49

3.1. Purposes ........................................................................... 51

3.1.1. Fostering judicial dialogue..................................... 52

3.1.2. Enhancing implementation of the Convention

by national courts.................................................. 53

3.1.3. Decrease the workload of the ECtHR in the

long term............................................................... 54

3.2. Scope ................................................................................ 55

3.2.1. Competent authorities .......................................... 55

3.2.2. The nature of the questions.................................. 57

3.3. Characteristics .................................................................. 58

3.4. Procedures........................................................................ 61

3.5. Legal effects...................................................................... 62

3.6. General evaluation ........................................................... 64

4. Opinion 2/13 of the Court of Justice of the European

Union ..................................................................................71

4.1. The specific characteristics of the EU law ........................ 71

4.1.1. Article 53 of ECHR and Article 53 of the EU

Charter .................................................................. 72

4.1.2. Prior Involvement Procedure ................................ 73

4.1.3. Co-respondent mechanism ................................... 74

Table of Contents 15

4.1.4. The Inter-State Disputes........................................75

4.1.5. The protocol 16 and Preliminary Ruling

Procedure ..............................................................77

4.2. The Author’s View on the Opinion 2/13 of the CJEU........78

CONCLUSION ...................................................................................81

BIBLIOGRAPHY.................................................................................87